Week 6 - Journal

Code Key

Output Code Key

IEx. 3: Programing Arduino board with an ultrasonic sensor to control RGB LED with the variation of distances through the sensor.

1. I used the Tinker cad to simulate the circuit and building the coding of the Arduino Uno with the blocks code method.

2. First, i chose the Ardunio Uno, mini breadboard, ultrasonic sensor PNG/ HC SR04, RGB LED, and resistors of 220 ohm.

3. i placed the RGB LED in the breadboard along the lower side.

4. i connceted the Ground of the Ardunio with the -Ve side of the breadboard then to the Common Cathode of the RGB LED.

5. I supplied each node of RGB colors RED, Green, Blue to another side of the breadboard, and crossed resistors 220 ohm over them.

In case of using the ultrasonic sensor PING:

6. then, from the other side of the resistors, I supplied each outer node of the screen with a wire to the analog pins on the Arduino Uno from 3,5,6 respectively.

7. Then I supplied the ultrasonic to the Arduino pins, the Grd with the ground of Arduino, the power of sensor with 5v, and the SIG pin with the Anlog in pin A0.

8. Then to the Coding step>>> i opened the Blocks code tab in the tinker cad, then I chose from the input panel < <Read the ultrasonic sensor on trigger pin A0, the echo on same trigger in Cm>> to the workspace. Then I used the Math equation of :

9- i replace the first one with the input read sensor i entered above, and the other one with 150 cm , this will be merged into IF statement, then it will be as follows:

10- From the output i chose the>>> Set pin to High<<, and i entered all the pins chosed above to this formula to be as follows:

11. This previous step was repeated 3 times by adjusting the segments with high or low. and the distance also of the sensor. I simulated the code to check all things gonna alright, and it is working well!

In the case of using the ultrasonic sensor HC SR04:

1. then, from the other side of the resistors, I supplied each outer node of the screen with a wire to the analog pins on the Arduino Uno from 11,9,10 respectively.

2. Then I supplied the ultrasonic to the Arduino pins, the Grd with the ground of Arduino, the power of sensor with 5v, and the Trig pin with the Digital pins 7 and the ECHo with 6.

3. Then to the Coding step>>> i opened the Blocks code tab in the tinker cad, then I chose from the input panel < <Read the ultrasonic sensor on trigger pin 7, the echo on 6 in Cm>> to the workspace. i set the 2 variables in this code, one of the X that refers to the sensor read and the other for the distance measurement that I fixed to 200 cm.

4. i made three equations as follows:

6. I simulated the code to check all things gonna alright, and it is working well!

7. Then, I opened Arduino IDE after copying the code from tinker cad, and upload it to the Actual Ardunio after porting it with the USB.

8. The next step was to implement it using physical components and the Arduino UNO board to build it.

Ex. 4: Programing Arduino board with an LDR Sensor to control LED in case of no light/ light in the space.

1. I used the Tinker cad to simulate the circuit and building the coding of the Arduino Uno with the blocks code method.

2. First, i chose the Ardunio Uno, mini breadboard, LDR sensor, red LED, and resistors of 220 ohm.

3. i placed the LED and sensor in the breadboard along the upper side.

4. i connceted the Ground of the Ardunio with the -Ve side of the breadboard then to the Cathode of the LED.

5. then, from the other side of the resistors, I supplied node of the led to pin 3 in Arduino, and for the Sensor, I supplied one leg into the power of Arduino and the other with the analog pin A0.

6. Then to the Coding step>>> i set a variable of the photosensor Ldr read, to read the analog in A0.

7. i chose the print to monitor to read the serial numbers on the screen>> the output was numbers of 0 to 1023>> so I chose the map equation to scale these numbers from 0 to 255.

8. when I simulated this, I see that the light is all on with no variations so I added a resistor for this LED to minimize the current crossing the sensor.

The code definition on the Tinker Cad

9. I simulated the code to check all things gonna alright, and it is working well!

10. Then, I opened Arduino IDE after copying the code from tinker cad, and upload it to the Actual Ardunio after porting it with the USB.

11. The next step was to implement it using physical components and the Arduino UNO board to build it.

4- Assignment of the smart Circuit using an Arduino UNO

The main idea: I made the automatic complete mode of the circuit of my final project.

Concept: It begins with taking input motion signals from the distance between the users' workflows and the wall by using ultrasonic sensors. It will differ its opening angle according to the distance of the occupants. and The wall will emit different lights according to its opening angle states. The fully Closed state 0 for detecting no one in space with a far distance of more than 40 cm / the light will be purple then- semi-opened/closed state 45 for detecting a near body from the wall between 40 and 20 cm and the color will be cyan color Fully opened state 90 for detecting a very near body less than 20 cm with green color.

The technical components: the ultrasonic sensor and the slider switch is as input component, the output component: motion and light, the action components are done by using servo motor and RGB LED, The brain is the Ardunio UNO, power management: the breadboard will take the power from Ardunio UNO that is taken from the laptop by using USB.

Main components I used: Ardunio UNO, slider switch, ultrasonic sensor, Slider Switch RGB LED, and the Servo motor.

• The Datasheets of each component are as follows:

Steps of implementation on Tinker cad

1. I used the Tinker cad to simulate the circuit and building the coding of the Arduino Uno with the blocks code method.

2. First, I chose from the panel: the Ardunio Uno, mini breadboard, Slider Switch, Servo Motor, Ultrasonic sensor, RGB LED, and resistors of 220 ohms.

3. I supplied the 5 V power pin from Arduino to the + side of the Breadboard and the GRD to the -Ve side of the Breadboard respectively.

4. Then I settled the slider switch and connect the 2 terminals of it to the +ve and -ve sides of the breadboard. The common middle terminal to pin 2 of the Arduino.

5. i placed the RGB LED in the bread board and supplied the common cathode of it with the -Ve of the breadboard. Also for the anodes colors i crossed resistors of 220 ohms along them then to the Arduino digital pins as 9,10,11 respectively.

6. i connected the servo motor to the breadboard by supplying the power pin to the +ve and the GRD to the -Ve of the breadboard. And, the signal pin to the the Digital pin 3 on Arduino.

7.Then, i connected the ultrasonic sensor to the circuit. By supplying the power pin to the +ve and the GRD to the -Ve of the breadboard. And the Echo, trigger pins to pin 6 and 7 respectively.

8. After conducting all the circuit in the view board, i began to building the coding of the Arduino using the blocks method in Tinker cad from the code panel.

9. i opened the Blocks code tab in the tinker cad, then I chose from the input panel <<Read the ultrasonic sensor on trigger pin 7, the echo on 6 in Cm>> to the workspace. i set the 2 variables in this code, one of the X that refers to the sensor read and the other for the distance measurement that I fixed to 40cm. it is shown as follows:

10. i made an IF, Else condition, the main order is to open the slider switch to let the other steps done. So i typed If Read on pin 2 is High (as opened) so make the following steps.

11. Then inside IF, Else condition, i wrote an IF condition to restrict the RGB color and the motor angle. this is done by adding the Distance order as follows:

12. After that, i chose the output pins 9,10,11 with High/LOW to make the light colors emitting from RGB LED. The full path can be illustrated as follows:

13. I simulated the code to check all things gonna alright, and it is working well

14. The next step was to implement it using physical components and the Arduino UNO board to build it.

1. First, I conducted the power by using MM jumper wires on one side along with the mini breadboard and the other on 5V of the Arduino. the same was done for the GRD side.

2. Then, I put the slider switch on the lower part of the breadboard.

3- i connected the slider switch terminals with the Arduino by supplying the power and GRD to the upper slots in breadboard and the common pin with the Digital pin 2.

4-i connected the Servo motor to the circuit, by adding the power and ground of the motor to the line of the upper slots in the breadboard. Also, the signal pin to the Digital pin 3 on Arduino.

5- Then i began to connect the Ultrasonic sensor to the breadboard by supplying the power and GRD to the upper slots in breadboard. And the Echo, trigger pins to pin 6 and 7 respectively.

6- i placed the RGB LED in the breadboard and supplied the common cathode of it with the -Ve of the breadboard. Also for the anodes colors i crossed resistors of 220 ohms along them then to the Arduino digital pins as red, blue, green 9,10,11 respectively.

7- Then, I opened Arduino IDE after copying the code from tinker cad, and upload it to the Actual Ardunio after porting it with the USB.

Also, in the Midweek and Eoweek we reviewed our work through the week, i got some ideas from others in performing the circuits. such as in the equation of the ultrasonic distance with using IF Else instead of IF then. it is showed as follows:

While practicing the Midweek tutorials, i supplied the servo motor with the Arduino as videos. then, i began to wonder if i can add the potentiometer in this circuit too, in order to practise my final project manual idea. In order to control the angle of movement manually. Also, I used google search for helping me in understanding the way that will be done along the coding process. But i did not able to write the code on the tinker cad at first. Then I tried to transfer the code of Arduino to the blocks code.

2- Problem: In the Exercise of the LDR photosensor, After i made the code in Tinker cad, the RGB was continually on with no changing in the light. So i searched more about the concept behind the LDR sensor,, then i got to the reverse state between the resistor and the light in it,, how it takes the electrons from the light and this affect the resistance value,, so i recognized that the resistance needs to be a bit high to low down the electrons effect.

the solution was to add a resistor 220 ohm between the line of LDR sensor and the pin in the Arduino.

3- Problem: In the Exercise of the ultrasonic sensor with RGB LED, After i made the code in Tinker cad, I used in the first state the ultrasonic PINg, all things go well. but in the implementation and after uploading the code to the Arduino>>> No thing is changing, the light is continuously on!! then I recognized that there is a pin in the ultrasonic of my Kit Is called ECHo pin,, it wasn't in the tinker block i chosed>> so i searched for another sensor block. and i found it.

the solution: there are 2 types of ultrasonic PING with no Echo and the HC SR04 with Echo pin, this type is more advanced than the first one. Ping has the transmitter and reciever in the same module but the HC SR04 has a seperate of transmitter (trig) and the receiver (ECHo).

4- problem: in the off session hand Exercise, the ultrasonic sensor were receiving a continuous sensing action even if it is far from the fixed distance in the code. so, i checked its reading with the serial monitor output, i read that it reverses the numbers that must be read.

the solution: that I reversed the output of the equation and this works well.