“Feedback is information given about the work with the goal of improvement.” - John Hattie
Frequent
Occurs continuously during class time and is reciprocated between teacher and students, based on the needs of the individual
Transferable Beyond Task
Helps students develop independence, self-awareness, and ability to advocate their needs as learners
Applied across content areas to support student understanding and growth
Helps build connections to real-life application
Relevant
Pertains to the “work” and the learning, not the student or the teacher
Provides information for improvement beyond grades
Specific
Related to learning goal
Descriptive (includes clear criteria for success)
Actionable
Timely
Immediate whenever possible
Planned across a given semester or school year
Format and Opportunities
Includes multiple modalities (written, verbal, visual)
Includes multiple sources (teachers to students, students to students, authentic audience to students, students to teachers, administrators to teachers, teachers to administrators)
Feedback is a powerful source of improving student learning and achievement. Based on John Hattie’s research, the effect size of feedback in classrooms is .73 (with .40 being an average effect size). The highest effect sizes involved students receiving informative feedback about a task and how to do it more effectively. Lower effect sizes were related to praise, rewards, and punishment.
Oral and written feedback is consistently academically focused, frequent, and high quality
Feedback is frequently given during guided practice and homework review
The teacher circulates to prompt student thinking, assess each student’s progress, and provide individual feedback
Students reflect on learning and provide feedback to teachers
Students craft well-designed questions and their responses demonstrate critical thinking
Students engage in giving specific and high quality feedback (rubrics, feedback forms, and portfolios) to one another
Italicized words denote alignment to South Carolina Teaching Standards (SCTS) 4.0 Rubric