Problem:
Bus Systems were Segregated.  Black people were not allowed to sit in the front of the bus.  If the front of the bus was full of white people, then black passengers were required to give their seats to white people. If the front of the bus was empty and the rear of the bus was full, black people were not permitted to sit in the available seats in the front of the bus.

Bus drivers were notoriously mean and abusive to black passengers.

Strategy Pt 1:

Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus, and was arrested.  

Mrs. Parks had a wonderful reputation for kindness in her community.  The black community was astonished at her civil disobedience and subsequent arrest.

Strategy Pt 2

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and other Activists took action, and organized a bus boycott.  50,000 black citizens of Montgomery Alabama refused to ride the segregated buses.  The boycott caused the Montgomery bus company to lose an enormous amount of money 

Solution:

On June 5, 1956, a Montgomery federal court ruled that any law requiring racially segregated seating on buses violated the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. which guarantees all citizens—regardless of race—equal rights and equal protection under state and federal laws.

Montgomery’s buses were integrated on December 21, 1956, and the boycott ended after 381 days.