Matariki, the Māori New Year, is usually marked by the rise of the Matariki star cluster, the constellation commonly known as the Pleiades, and the sighting of the next new moon. Matariki appears mid-winter, around Hune/ Hūrae (June/July) in the eastern sky before sunrise. There are different cycles in nature that indicate time and seasons. For Māori, the appearance of Matariki is an indicator that marks the beginning of the new year. Iwi have different narratives and perspectives about Matariki. Some festivities are held when Matariki is first seen in the dawn sky, while others are held after the rise of the full moon or at the beginning of the next new moon. Generally, Matariki is viewed as an important time to celebrate and convey respect for the land.
The appearance of Matariki marks a time to be with whānau and friends, reflect on the year that has been, and remember our loved ones who’ve passed. It's also a time to celebrate new beginnings and plan for the year ahead.
In the past, tūpuna would look to Matariki for guidance on harvesting. The disappearance of Matariki marked the time to preserve crops for the winter season, and when it re-appeared in Pipiri (June/July) our tūpuna would read the stars to predict the upcoming season. Clear and bright stars promised a warm and abundant season, while hazy stars warned of a bleak winter.
Because Te Ao Māori recognises the Maramataka (lunar calendar) rather than the western Gregorian calendar, the dates for Matariki change every year.
One of the most well-known and best recorded approaches to the timing of Te Mātahi o te Tau is to celebrate Matariki during the lunar month of Pipiri, when the moon is in the Tangaroa period.
While Matariki will already be visible in the morning sky during this time, the celebration should wait until the moon is in the appropriate lunar period.
Different people over time have suggested different numbers of stars in the Matariki cluster. Astronomer Rangi Matamua names nine stars in the Matariki cluster. According to him, Matariki is the main star, the mother, with eight children. The positioning of the stars is important. Matariki is in the middle directing her children. Tupuārangi is located above Tupuānuku, because of their respective associations with Ranginui above and Papatūānuku below. Similarly, Waitī is above Waitā, because freshwater flows down into the salt water of the sea. Waipunarangi and Ururangi are up high, so they can release rains and winds.
Amongst these stars, there is balance and complementarity, which is important for the environment and for te Ao Māori/the Māori world:
Matariki is connected to wellbeing, and is also the mother of the other stars in the cluster.
Pōhutukawa is connected to the dead in particular those that have passed since the last rising of Matariki.
Tipu-ā-nuku is connected to food grown in the ground.
Tipu-ā-rangi is connected to food from the sky.
Waitī is connected to fresh water and all creatures that live within rivers. streams and lakes.
Waitā is connected to salt water and all creatures that live within the ocean.
Waipuna-ā-rangi is connected to rain.
Ururangi is connected to the winds.
Hiwa-i-te-rangi is connected to your dreams and desires for the year ahead.
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Learn about Matariki and maramataka
Explore the names and stories of the Matariki star cluster
Discover how kai is an important part of Matariki celebrations
Find out why and how people gather and celebrate Matariki
Learn about how to locate Matariki in the sky.Look at the importance of Māori astronomy
Stories/Pukapuka : Pūrākau
listen to and enjoy stories about Matariki and the ways that people celebrate
create a bank of word items associated with the celebration of Matariki and use these words in oral and written English work e.g., poem or short story writing
respond to the story using art, waiata, or drama, for example: – explain aspects of Matariki and/or the characteristics of the whetū (stars), in the form of a storyboard or in graphic novel format , script a short play about the separation of Ranginui and Papatūānuku, and the role of Tāwhirimātea in the creation of the whetū in the Matariki cluster
write a poem, or lyrics for a waiata/rap, from the point of view of a specific whetū, telling how s/he is linked to some aspect of the world below.
The stars in the Matariki cluster are also known as “the eyes of the god, Tāwhirimātea” . When Ranginui and Papatūānuku were separated, one of the children, Tāwhirimātea, was very unhappy. In his anger, he plucked out his eyes and threw them into the sky. There they became the Matariki stars, i.e., Ngā Mata o te Ariki, o Tāwhirimātea (the eyes of the chief, Tāwhirimātea). Since that time, the blind Tāwhirimātea has wreaked havoc on the world, weather-wise, out of revenge.
Arts/Craft : Mahi Toi
Dance, drama, and the visual arts can be used to celebrate and express activities and festivities during Matariki.
learn and perform a waiata associated with Matariki
use the visual arts to express ideas and feelings about Matariki and her children. Choreograph actions for the waiata about Matariki
Use a variety of art media to illustrate the relationship between the stars and their environments.
Folded Matariki fortune teller
Health & PE
plan and implement a healthy kai initiative in their class/school/home for Matariki – by discussing what might be in a healthy lunchbox and why water is the best drink option
discuss their hopes, aspirations, goals, and deepest desires for the coming year – beyond material possessions (relating this to Hiwa-i-te-rangi)
Conduct a class survey of people’s likes and dislikes associated with the types of kai they might eat at a celebration or hākari.
Group/classify the different food types associated with some of the Matariki whetū.
Create flashcards, after researching the Māori names for: – parts of the body, e.g., ngākau, mata, waewae, ūpoko, kanohi, ringaringa
Mathematics
Traditional Māori used measurement and the stars to make sense of the world, for example, navigation, planting and harvesting, interpreting weather.
Measurement was based on body dimensions. For example, arms outstretched horizontally was a ‘mārō’ – with 10 mārō equalling approximately 18 metres. And a ‘takoto’ was the length of the body with one arm outstretched beyond the head.
Learn about the two versions of June and July in Māori, for example, Pipiri/Hune and Hōngongoi/Hūrae (respective names for lunar months and transliterations, where the lunar months do not directly align with Gregorian months).
Explore space measurement, and how kilometres relate to light-years. (If you could travel at the speed of light, it would take you more than 422 years to reach Matariki. So, if you could travel at 100 km/h, how long would it take you to get to the moon, 384 400 kilometres away?)
Science & Technology
make a decorative manu tukutuku/ manu taratahi (kite) to celebrate Matariki, as was done in the past
research technology associated with Matariki and the domains of each star, e.g., hīnaki associated with Waitī.
Research and write about technologies used to cook and preserve kai
investigate objects in our solar system (i.e., sun, planets, moons, comets, and meteors) – and discuss times when students have seen or heard stories about these objects or events.
investigate other parts of the Universe, for example, stars, asteroids, exoplanets (planets beyond our solar system).
research and explore the vast distances between stars in space. For example, the stars in the Matariki cluster are approximately 4200 million, million kilometres from Earth.
describe the positions of the nine whetū in Matariki, relative to each other, and relative to the rising sun in winter.
explore names used by other cultures in the world when referring to Pleiades.
Hauhake tū, ka tō Matariki
Lifting of the crops begins with Pleiades set.