How to Structure a LEQ Response

How to Structure a Long Essay Question (LEQ) for AP World History

The Long Essay Question (LEQ) requires you to develop a historical argument without documents, using specific evidence and historical reasoning. Use this simple structure to organize your LEQ effectively.

Step-by-Step LEQ Structure

I. Introduction (3-4 sentences)

✅ Context (Background Information)

• Provide 3-5 sentences of historical background relevant to the prompt.

• Connect the big picture to the specific topic.

✅ Thesis Statement

• Answer the prompt directly with a clear argument.

• Use the format:
  Claim with extent + by/because + Line of Reasoning 1 + Line of Reasoning 2.

📌 Example Thesis (for an LEQ on the Mongols and trade):
"The Mongols fostered trade to a great extent by providing security along trade routes and by implementing policies that encouraged commercial exchange."

II. Body Paragraphs (3-4 total)

Each body paragraph follows the TEA format:

Body Paragraph 1: First Line of Reasoning

✅ T – Topic Sentence

• State your first argument clearly.

✅ E – Evidence (2-3 Specific Examples)

• Provide specific historical evidence that supports your argument.

• Use names, dates, places, and events to prove your point.

✅ A – Analysis

• Explain how the evidence supports your argument.

• Use historical reasoning skills (comparison, causation, continuity and change).

📌 Example Evidence and Analysis:
"The Mongols established the Pax Mongolica, a period of stability in the 13th and 14th centuries that allowed merchants to travel safely across the Silk Roads. This increased trade between Europe and Asia, leading to greater economic prosperity. Because of this, Mongol rule directly contributed to the expansion of global commerce."

Body Paragraph 2: Second Line of Reasoning

• Repeat TEA structure with a new argument and different historical evidence.

• If possible, use a different historical reasoning skill (e.g., if Body 1 focuses on causation, Body 2 could focus on comparison).

III. Counterargument or Complexity (Optional but Stronger Essay)

✅ Consider a different perspective

• Acknowledge an alternative viewpoint or a limitation of your argument.

• Explain why this does or does not weaken your argument.

📌 Example:
"While the Mongols promoted trade, their invasions also caused destruction, as seen in the sack of Baghdad in 1258. However, despite this initial devastation, trade in the region ultimately flourished under Mongol rule."

IV. Conclusion (2-3 sentences)

✅ Restate the thesis in different words.
✅ Summarize key arguments.
✅ (If possible) Connect to a broader historical theme or consequence.

📌 Example:
"The Mongols' role in fostering trade not only strengthened the Silk Roads but also laid the foundation for early modern trade networks in the 15th century. Their policies had long-lasting effects on global commerce."

Quick Tips for a Strong LEQ

✅ Use at least 4-6 pieces of specific historical evidence.
✅ Apply at least one historical reasoning skill (causation, comparison, continuity/change).
✅ Write a strong thesis that answers the prompt clearly.
✅ Use clear topic sentences and analysis in each paragraph.