Speech

Just as students gradually learn to read and write, students gradually acquire and master sounds. Please see the developmental chart below and for more information on articulation impairments and phonological processes.

Articulation

Distorted Sounds

/r/

vocalic /r/ (ar, er, or, ire, air, ear) sounds like "uh"

initial /r/ and /r/ blends sound like /w/

/s/

this sound should be made behind your teeth with airflow out the front

interdentalized lisp - the tongue in between the teeth

lateralized lisp - the airflow goes out the sides

These are the most common sounds, but students also frequently have difficulty with "sh", "th", and "ch"

Phonology

Patterned Errors

Substitutions or Deletions

A few common examples include:

-Cluster Reduction - when 2 consonants occur together, many student leave off one. This can sound like "cool" for school, "nail" for snail.

-Stopping-when students take long sounds such as /s/, and /f/ and shorten them. This can sound like "tun" for sun.

-Final Consonant Deletion - many students leave off the last sound in words. This can sound like "uh" for up.

-Velar Fronting - many students substitute "t" for /k/ and "d" for /g/. This can sound like "otay" for okay and "dough" for go.

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