The figure displays the 3D radiation pattern of a flat-top dipole antenna. The pattern has the classic doughnut shape, with the strongest radiation occurring in the x-y plan perpendicular to the length of the dipole and little to no radiation along the z-axis. A color gradient is used to indicate radiation intensity in dBi, with red representing the highest radiation levels (around 0 dBi) and blue showing the weakest (down to -45 dBi). The spherical reference grid helps visualize how the antenna radiates energy in all directions, while the labeled azimuth (az) and elevation (el) angles show its orientation. This pattern aligns with the expected behavior of dipole antennas, which radiate most effectively broadside to their axis and produce minimal radiation along their length