In an infection control situation, gloves should be worn when there is a risk of exposure to pathogens through one of the contact-transmission means.

• They serve as a barrier against blood-borne transmission when there is a risk of a cut in the skin.

• They are also used as a visual reminder against touching your face when dealing with droplets.

• Gloves are used for a single patient, work area, or task.

• Wearing gloves while moving between patients, locations, or tasks simply increases the chances of spreading pathogens.

• Gloves should be removed and disposed of when leaving a room, work area, or changing to a new task.

The three most common types of gloves are latex, vinyl, and nitrile.

Latex – oldest type. Tight fitting, good dexterity. Risk of allergy. Prolonged use can lead to dermatitis.

Vinyl – newer type. Looser fitting that affects dexterity. Lower risk of allergy. A hole in the glove can go unnoticed.

Nitrile – newest type. Tight fitting for good dexterity. Glove tears open when a hole is made which lets the wearer know there is a hole. Low risk of allergy.

Masks come in a variety of designs with different purposes behind each one. Some are to completely isolate the wearer from the environment, some protect the wearer from the environment, and some protect the environment from the wearer.

The two masks most commonly found for infection control are the N-95 and the surgical mask.

• The N-95 must be properly fit to the wearer’s face so no air leaks in around the sides. When properly fitted, it will filter 95% of potential pathogens when the wearer breathes in.

• Surgical masks come in various grades depending on the purpose for wearing them and how long they will be worn. Lower grades are used for short-term wear to contain a patient’s cough and droplets.

• Higher grade masks are used during surgery and can be worn longer before becoming saturated and can filter more than a lower grade mask.

• A reusable cloth mask made from a tightly woven cotton or similar can provide similar containment as a low-grade surgical mask.

Eye Protection

Eye protection is used when dealing with someone who presents a risk for droplet transmission (coughing, sneezing, etc.) and you have to be closer than 2 meters, or when dealing with someone who has significant bleeding that could spray into the face and eyes.

Note: Normal eyeglasses do not provide sufficient protection from droplets and sprays.

Since they are made from a hard plastic, eye and face shields can be sanitized and reused.

Provide a barrier to keep pathogens or contaminants off of clothes.

• Like gloves, they should be used for one interaction and then removed.

• Gowns can be disposable or reusable.

• While most common in healthcare, other industries such as construction, industry, and manufacturing also use protective gowns or suits for some tasks.

• Gowns are part of the PPE suite when dealing with people or items that are contaminated with fecal matter and when there is a risk of spray from blood or fluids.