By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
Explain the concept of voice leading and some of the ways this skill can be applied in a practical way in popular music.
Identify guide tones in triads and 7th chords and explain how these tones are used to guide voice leading.
Describe common conventions for doubling, voicing, spacing, and omissions when voicing chords in a 3- and 4-voice texture.
Differentiate between conjunct and disjunct movement.
Apply smooth (or "lazy") voice leading principles to compose a 3- and 4-part piano accompaniment for a melodic line with lead sheet notation.
Voice Leading Paradigms for Harmony in Music Composition (Berklee Online)
Jazz Voicings (Megan Lavengood, OMT)
Voice Leading (Trevor de Clercq, The Practice of Popular Music, pp. 75–77) - Available online through the library
How to Voice Lead a Chord Progression
(David Bennett, 14 mins)
See the chord voicings in Philip Tagg's Lead Sheet Chord Table for suggestions on which notes to include or omit with extended chords.
Definitions & Utility: What is voice leading? What are some of the important points that were discussed in the reading? What are guide tones? Where do extensions tend to be voiced?
Where might an artist or composer use this skills in popular music? Can you think of any artists or styles that use voice leading in an expressive way?
How might the instrument an artist uses influence how they think about voice leading or chord progressions?
Voice Leading Analysis: Work through an analysis of "Sweet Georgia Brown" with the Open Music Theory worksheet (PDF | MuseScore). Follow the directions in the handout.
Practice Voice Leading in Repertoire: Write a chordal accompaniment for each of the following songs. Use a simple 3- or 4-note keyboard style voicing with one note in the bass and 2 or 3 notes in the treble. Use "lazy voicing," moving your voices as smoothly as possible. Resolve your 7ths down to the 3rd of the next chord where applicable.
Norah Jones, "Don't Know Why" (Lead Sheet Notation | MuseScore | PDF)
When you're finished, compare your accompaniment to a transcription of Jones' performance. How does your voicing compare? How does Jones embellish the chords? What type of non-chord tone(s) do you see in the piano accompaniment?
Practice Voice Leading with Extensions: Work through the voice leading exercise on p. 3 of the Open Music Theory worksheet (PDF | MuseScore). Experiment with adding in chordal extensions. Play your examples as a class.
Resolve your 7ths down to the 3rd of the next chord where possible.
Try alternating 13ths and 9ths in an upper voice.
Modeling Chord Voicing in Repertoire: Voice chord progressions from songs by Amy Winehouse, Coldplay, and Ben Folds in this worksheet (DOC | PDF). Then, using a transcription of the first measure, try to imitate the rhythmic chord pattern to match the style in the original song. When finished, compare your chord voicing and rhythm to the artist's voicing. Solutions for each are provided as transcriptions in the anthology. (See the anthology link below).
Chord Voicing: Examples that demonstrate smooth chord voicing with triads, 7ths, and other chord extensions.
Geyer, Ben. "Unit 5: Jazz Theory." In Music Theory in Mind and Culture (See pp. 97ff. for chord voicings).
Nobile, Drew F. "Form and Voice Leading in Early Beatles Songs." Music Theory Online 17, no. 3 (2011).
Osborn, Brad. "Rock Harmony Reconsidered: Tonal, Modal and Contrapuntal Voice‐Leading Systems in Radiohead." Music Analysis 36, no. 1 (2017): 59–93.
Smither, Sean R. "Guide-Tone Space: Navigating Voice-Leading Syntax in Tonal Jazz." Music Theory Online 25, no. 2 (2019).
If you'd like to explore more advanced jazz voicing with extended chords, check out one of these videos from Berklee: