Content Standard 4.0

Overview:

Evaluate, Install, and Secure Operating Systems
Employ and Configure Window Tools
Troubleshoot Common Windows Operating Systems and Software
Analyze Other Operating Systems, Mobile, and Cloud Technologies

Additional information that you should know that isn't included here:

Compare Features of Laptops and Tablets

How to Install Windows via USB

Step 1: Format the drive and set the partition as active

Connect a USB flash drive to your preferred device you want to install windows from
Open Disk Management: Right-click on start and select Disk Management
Format the partition: Right-click the USB drive partition and choose Format. Select the FAT32 file system to be able to boot either BIOS-based or UEFI-based PCs.
Set the partition as active: Right-click the USB drive partition and click Mark Partition as Active

Step 2: Copy Windows Setup to the USB flash drive

Using File Explorer, copy and paste Windows to the USB flash drive

Step 3: Installing Windows

Connect the USB flash drive to your PC
Turn on your PC and as your PC boots up press the key that brings you to the Boot Menu (Common Keys: Esc, F2, F10, F12). This should bring you to the Windows Setup menu.
After installing Windows, you can remove the USB

How to Install Linux on a Windows device via USB

Step 1: Download Linux onto USB

Download a Linux distro in ISO format. You can find them from each distribution's main website.
Insert the USB drive into your preferred device that you want to install Linux from
Download Rufus. This creates a bootable USB flash drive
Open Rufus and select your USB drive from the device list.
Under Boot Selection, click the Select button and choose the ISO file you downloaded. Then, click Start.

Step 2: Installing Linux

Insert the bootable Linux USB drive
Enter the Windows start menu and restart your PC while holding shift. This takes you to the Windows Recovery
Select Use a device once you reach the Windows Recovery screen
Select Linux
After installing Linux, you can remove the USB

Outdated operating systems are often unsupported (data is unsecure). This creates a weak link in your system which basically is a door that invites hackers in. If you are in a working environment, not only is an outdated OS bad for your computer but can affect the entire network

Outdated OS Risks: No support, updates, or patches available

They are vulnerable to attacks, bugs, incompatibility with new/updated apps.

Securing Windows

Most operating systems come with a built-in security feature however this isn't enough to keep your device completely protected. As well as implementing security software from 3rd parties, it is essential that your operating system stays up to date.

Start > Settings > Windows Update > Advanced Options.

From here you can edit things such as update times, update notifications, delivery optimization, and OS recovery

Securing Linux

Linux is known for their security parameters and they are rarely infected by any viruses or malware. However, it is important to keep your operating system up-to-date. This will prevent security issues and improve compatibility and program features. New vulnerabilities will continue to be discovered and fixes are implemented in the system's software updates.

Operating system (OS): A set of programs that manages system functions, the applications that are running on a computer and the computer's hardware.

Kernel: The core of the operating system that is loaded into memory when the system boots.

Driver: A type of computer program that enables the operating system to interact with hardware devices.

Interface: A type of computer program that allows the user to interact with the kernel and the utilities.

Utilities: The features or programs included with an operating system that perform system-related tasks.

Application: A subclass computer program that is designed for end users.

Important subjects in this standard that weren't included here:

How to configure local users and groups (Windows)
Configuring User Access Control (UAC)
Comparing accessories, features, and ports of mobile and IoT devices
Installing and Securing Mac OS

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