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Table of Contents
Learning Goals
Learning Goals
What is a Client Server.
What is a Peer-to-Peer Server.
Types of networks.
What is a network?
What is a network?
A network is made up of the following components:
Computers: these are often called nodes or hosts.
Transmission media: a path for electrical signals between devices.
Network interfaces: devices that send and receive electrical signals.
Protocols: rules or standards that describe how hosts communicate and exchange data.
Network Benefits:
Consolidate (centralize) data storage.
Share peripheral devices (such as printers).
Increase internal and external communications.
Increase productivity and collaboration.
Network Classifications
Network Classifications
The following is sorted by network type and Classification. (ex. Host Role and Peer-to-Peer)
Host Role
Host Role
Peer-to-peer: In a peer-to-peer network, each host can provide network resources to other hosts.
Advantages:
Easy to implement
Inexpensive
Disadvantages:
Difficult to expand (not scalable)
Difficult to support
Lack of a central control
Lack of central storage
Example of a Peer-to-Peer Model
Client-Server: In a client-server network, hosts have specific roles. Some hosts provide network resources (server), while other hosts consume them (clients)
Advantages:
Easy to expand (scalable)
Easy to support
Centralized services
Easy to back up
Disadvantages:
Expensive server operating systems
Extensive advanced planning required
Example of a Client-Server Model
Geography
Geography
Personal area network (PAN): Small network used for communicating between personal devices.
Bluetooth
From phone to Airpods, PC to wireless printer, etc.
Local area network (LAN): Network that uses wires to connect devices together.
Switch using a star or bus topology
Connecting 2 PC's to each other via ethernet
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): Same range as a LAN but uses radio waves
Router connecting PC's together
Applicable wherever LANs are
Wide Area Network (WAN): Group of LANs that are connected to form a large internetwork
The internet its self is a WAN
Think of an office building, if every floor was a LAN the entire building would be a WAN
Campus Area Network (CAN): Network made up of W/LANS that are limited to a specific area
For example, a school network
Most of the networking components are owned by the campus*
*CAN's don't have to be schools. They usually are though.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Network that covers a range from a few blocks to a city
Owned and managed by the city
Same as a WAN
Storage Area Network (SAN): A network of storage devices that can be accessed by multiple servers or computers,
This provides a shared pool of storage space
Each computer on the network can access storage on the SAN as though they were local disks connected directly to the computer.
Software-defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN): Virtual WAN that uses software to control:
Connectivity
Management
Services between the Data Centers and Remote Branches
Cloud
Normal WANs rely on physical routers to control routing. Each router has a data plane, which holds the information, and a control plane, which tells the data where to go. Data flow is typically determined by a network engineer or administrator who writes rules and policies manually, which is time consuming and prone to error.
SD- WANs separate these processes, making them available as software, which allows for easy configuration and deployment. This allows for there to be a central control panel, which allows a Network Admin to write policies for every router at once. This also allows SD-WANs to intelligently route network traffic based on the fastest, most cost-effective and efficient method available.
Management
Management
Network: A system of computers controlled by a single organization
Multiple companies could connect networks and It'd still be a network
Each network is still individually managed.
Subnet: Portion of the network with a common address.
All devices on the subnet share the same network address, but they have unique host addresses.
Each subnet in a larger network has a unique subnet address.
Devices connected through hubs or switches are on the same subnet. Routers are used to connect multiple subnets.
Subnets can vary in size. The subnet mask determines how much of the IP delegates the subnet.
The larger the subnet, the more IP's you can dish out. Subnetting allows you to divide out more IP's with less network, saving money.
In the IP. 192.16.2.2:
192.16 is the network prefix.
All clients on the network will have this prefix
2 is the subnet.
It defines a specific section of the network.
For example, one floor of an office could use the 2 subnet, while the floor above could use 192.16.3.0
2 is the host ID.
it defines the individual computers on a network
0 is usually reserved for the router the devices connect to
if there were 5 computers on a subnet, they'd have IPs like 192.16.2.1, 192.16.2.2, etc.
Internetwork: Geographically dispersed WAN connections that connect multiple LANs.
Connecting two networks under different management is a form of internetworking because data must travel between two networks.
Participation
Participation
Internet: Large world-wide public network
Users and organizations connect to the internet through an internet service provider (ISP).
The internet uses a set of communication protocols (TCP/IP) for providing services.
Individuals and organizations can make services (such as a website) available to other users on the internet.
Intranet: Private version of the internet, usually for companies
An internet but only on a LAN, accessible from the inside
Ex. A company wants a website only employees can access
Extranet: An Intranet that is made available to external, trusted users
Ex. An employee accessing the work Intranet from home using remote desktop
Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN): A Cisco software solution for building multiple VPNs in an easy, dynamic, and scalable manner.
DMVPN uses a hub-and-spoke configuration to establish a full mesh topology. This simplifies the VPN tunnel configuration and provides a flexible option to connect to the central site.
Each site uses Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation (mGRE). The mGRE tunnel interface allows a single GRE interface to dynamically support multiple IPsec tunnels.
Spoke sites can also obtain information about each other and alternatively build direct tunnels between themselves (spoke-to-spoke tunnels).
Multiprotocol Label Switching: (MPLS) A networking technology that uses the shortest path based on Labels to route over WANs
Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation: (mGRE) A protocol used to connect one node with multiple nodes, used with DMVPN.
In Summary
In Summary
Peer-to-Peer networking is where hosts share network resources with each other
Client-Server networking is where servers share network resources with hosts
PAN is for Bluetooth
LAN is ethernet (Switch)
WLAN is radio waves (Router)
WAN is multiple W/LANs
CAN is an enclosed WAN
MAN is a WAN owned by a city
SD-WAN is a software version of routing.
Allows for intelligent application based routing
Allows for a centralized control of routers on a network.
Network: A system of computers controlled by a single organization
Subnet: Portion of the network with a common address.
Internetwork: Geographically dispersed WAN connections that connect multiple LANs.
Internet: Large world-wide public network
Intranet: Private version of the internet, usually for companies
Extranet: An Intranet that is made available to external, trusted users
Internet Protocol address (IP address): An address that identifies the network and host address assigned to a device.
Subnet Address: The portion of the IP address that identifies the network the device is assigned to.
Host Address: The address of a computer on a network.
Dynamic Multipoint VPN (DMVPN): A Cisco software solution for building multiple VPNs in an easy, dynamic, and scalable manner.
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