Blooket: Unit 4 Transoceanic Interconnections

Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections - Main Concepts

Maritime Expansion & Techonology

Know how maritime exploration expanded because of new technologies and motivations:

1. • 1. • Innovations: lateen sail, astrolabe, compass, caravel, cartography improvements.

        • Major explorers: Columbus, da Gama, Prince Henry, Zheng He (contextual).

        • Reasons for exploration: Gold, God, Glory; new trade routes; competition among European states.

Columbian Exchange 

Understand how the Old World and New World were connected through:

• Biological exchanges:

  • To Americas: horses, pigs, cattle, wheat, smallpox

  • To Afro-Eurasia: corn, potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco

• Demographic impacts:

  • Native American population decline

  • Growth of Afro-Eurasian populations (better nutrition)

• Environmental changes: plantation agriculture, soil depletion, invasive species.

Maritime Empires

Know the major sea-based empires and their strategies:

• Portuguese – trading-post empire, Indian Ocean control

• Spanish – Americas, silver mining, viceroyalties

• Dutch – commercial powerhouse, Indian Ocean, Indonesia

• British – North America, Caribbean

• French – Canada, Caribbean

They used:

• Joint-stock companies

• Mercantilism

• Chartered monopolies

Labor Systems

Key labor systems created or expanded:

• Encomienda & repartimiento (Spanish)

• Hacienda system

• Chattel slavery (Atlantic Slave Trade)

• Indentured servitude

• Mit’a (used and altered by Spanish)

Atlantic Slave Trade

Understand:

• Triangular Trade system

• Middle Passage

• Demographic impact on Africa (population decline, gender imbalance)

• Rise of African kingdoms (Asante, Dahomey)

Cultural Developments

• Syncretic religions: Vodun, Santería, Sikhism

• New racial classifications in Spanish America: mestizo, mulatto, castas

• Cultural blending in art, music, and religion

Resistance & Conflict

• Indigenous resistance (Pueblo Revolt, Metacom’s War)

• Maroon societies and slave resistance

• Challenges to state authority (fronde, cossacks, samurai decline

Study Guide Chart