Human Migration - The permanent movement of people from place to another
Emigration - Movement away from a location (migrants leaving a country)
Immigration - Movement to a location (migrants moving to a country)
Net Migration - Immigrants - Emigrants: If more people emigrate from Japan than immigrate to Japan, the entire population decreases, creating a negative net migration
Push Factor - A negative cause that compels someone to leave a location
Pull Factor - A positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
The single largest flow of immigrants from one coumntry to another is from Mexico to the United States. The countries losing the most emigrants are India, Mexico, Russia, China, Bangladesh, Syria, Pakistan, and Ukraine. The United States hosts the largest number of immigrants (50 million in 2017), followed by countries such as Germany and Russia.
Ravenstein's Gravity Model
Migration is typically over a short distance.
Migration occurs in steps, like from rural area to a nearby city, and then perhaps on to a larger city.
Long-distance migrants often move to places of economic opportunity (urban areas).
Every migration generates a movement in the opposite direction, or a counterflow (not necessarily of the same number of migrants).
People in rural areas migrate more than people in cities.
Males migrate over longer distances than females.
Most migrants are young adult males.
Cities grow more by migration than natural increase.
Migration increases with economic development.
Migration is mostly due to economic factors.
--> Population of a city increases, migration to the city increases
--> Distance to a city grows, migration to that city decreases