Embedded Files
Voluntary Migration - People make the choice to move to a new place
Forced Migration - People are forced to move through violent actions (in history: slavery)
Transhumance - A Form of migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer and lower elevations during the winter.
Transnational Migration - Immigrants to a new country retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties to their country of origin, may send money to help support families back home, and may regularly return for visits --> practically living in two cultures: from Latin America to North America, from Southwest Asia to Europe, and from Asia to North America
Internal Migration - Movement within a country's own borders
Interregional Migration - Movement from one region of the country to another
Intraregional Migration - Movement within one region of a country
Friction of Distance - theory that states that the longer a journey is, the more time, effort and cost it will involve
Chain Migration - Family members, friends, or other members of the community follow immigrants to the new country (immigrants may settle in the same area with other immigrants from their countries, such as the Irish did in Boston)
Step Migration - Migrant lives in different cities/areas before reaching his or her final destination
Intervening Obstacle - Any occurrences that hold migrants back from reaching their destination
Guest workers - Migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers: Many Turkish men moved to Germany after WW II as guest workers - as many as 2.5-4 million people of Turkish descent still live in Germany; many Mexicans came to the U.S. under the Bracero program (see 'personal stories').
Circular Migration - Migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country where they work temporary jobs.
Immigration Quotas - limited amount of immigrants per year; in the U.S. on the basis of country of origin. Read more below about the history of U.S. Immigration Laws
Interregional Migration in the US
What is the difference between economic migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers?
145 countries ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention, which was created by the United Nations. Originally, the UN defined refugees as people who leave their home countries out of fear of persecution. In 1967, it expended its definition to include people escaping any conflict or disaster, such as the famine in Ethiopia in 1984-85 that forced hundreds of thousands to leave the country rather than face starvation.
Official refugee status must be granted by the individual country and is usually a long and difficult process. Once granted refugee status, the host country is expected to provide civil rights, the right to work, and access to social services.
In 2017, more than a fifth of the world's 25.4 million refugees were Palestinians, and two-thirds of the remainder were from Syria, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Myanmar, or Somalia.
Refugees - People who are forced to leave their country of fear of persecution or death; they are granted refugee status (https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/1951-refugee-convention.html)
Asylum seekers - Right to apply for refugee status; each country can determine whether the applicant fits the definition of a refugee.
Internally Displaced Person - People who were forced to flee their homes but still remain within the borders of their countries; can be caused by natural disasters or conflicts that occur only in certain parts of the country - currently, 70.8 million people fall under this category worldwide
Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the US
What are Forced Migrants?
Refer to the following website if you want to get more information on Asylum Seekers: https://www.unhcr.org/asylum-seekers.html
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