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Normal end feels
Normal end feels
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The end feel is a type of sensation or feeling which the examiner experienced when the joint is at the end of its available passive range of motion.
The end of each motion at each joint is limited from further movement by particular anatomical structures.The type of structure that limits a joint has a characteristic feel,which may be detected by the therapist performing the passive ROM.This feeling,which is experienced by the therapist as resistance,or a barrier to further motion,is called the end-feel
The normal end feels are generally described as:
Hard: Type of "Bone-to-Bone" stiff sensation that is painless. An example elbow extension
Soft: There is a yielding compression (mushy feel) that stops further movement or gradual increase in resistance as muscle, skin and subcutaneous tissues are compressed between the body parts. Examples are elbow and knee flexion, which movement stopped by compression of the soft tissues, primarily the muscles
Firm: There is a hard or firm (springy) type of movement with a slight give.Toward the end of ROM,there is a feeling of springy or elastic resistance. Tissue stretch is the most common type of normal end feel; it is found when the capsule and ligaments are the primary restraints to movement. Examples are lateral rotation of the shoulder,and knee and metacarpophalangeal joint extension.
Abnormal end feels
Abnormal end feels
The Abnormal end feels are generally described as
Soft: Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual or in a joint that Soft tissue edema normally has a firm or hard end. Feels boggy, with a fluid shift.
Firm: Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual, or in a joint that normally has a soft or hard end.
Hard: Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual, or in a joint that normally has a soft or firm end. A grating or bony block is felt.
Empty: No real end because pain prevents reaching the end of ROM.No resistance is felt except for the patient’s protective muscle splinting or muscle spasm.
Joint Limiting Factors
Joint Limiting Factors
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