ABLC : Amphotericin B lipid complex

ABU: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

ABW : Actual Body Weight

ACT : Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy

AFB: Acid-fast Bacilli

AMR: Antimcrobial resistance

AMS : Antimicrobial Stewardship

ANC : Absolute Neutrophil Count

APACHE : Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation

ART : Antiretroviral Therapy

ARV: Antiretroviral Agents

ASA : Aspirin

ASMQ : Artesunate and Mefloquine

ASP : Antimicrobial Stewardship Program

AUC : Area Under The Curve

AVF : Arteriovenous Fistula

BI : Bacteriological Index

BMI : Body Mass Index

C&S : culture & sensitivity

C&S: Culture and Sensitivity

CAP : Community-Acquired Pneumonia

CAPD : Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

CDC : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CF : Cystic fibrosis

CFU: Colony Forming Unit

CGA : Corrected Gestational Age

CLABSI : Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection

ClCr : Creatinine Clearance

cm : centimetre

CMC : Chloramphenicol

CMV : Cytomegalovirus

CNS : Central Nervous System

COAD : Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

CoNS: Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

COPD : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

CRBSI: Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection

CrCl : Creatinine Clearance

CRE : Carbapenem Resistant Enterobactericae

CRP : C-reactive Protein

CSF : Cerebrospinal Fluid

CT SCAN : Computed Tomography Scan

CVVH : Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration

CVVHD : Continuous venovenous hemodialysis

CVVHDF : Continuous VenoVenous HemoDiaFiltration

CXR : Chest X-ray

DG : Director General of Health

E: Ethambutol

EIA : Enzyme Immunoassay

EID : Extended- Interval Therapy

ENT : Ear, Nose, Throat

EPTB : Extrapulmonary tuberculosis

ERCP : Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram

ESBL : Extended-spectrum β-lactamases

ESC : European Society of Cardiology

ESRD : End-stage Kidney Disease

ESRF : End-Stage Renal Failure

EVAR : Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

FBC : Full Blood Count

FEME : Full Examination, Microscopic Examination

FEV1 : Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second 

FFA: Fundus Fluorescein Angiography

G6PD : Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase

GBS : Group B Streptococcal

GFR : Glomerular Filtration Rate

GIT : Gastrointestinal Tract

GNB : gram negative bacilli

H: Isoniazid

HAART : Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

HAP : Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

HCAP : Health-care Associated Pneumonia

HCL : Hydrochloride

HD : Hemodialysis

HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIV-TB : Human Immunodeficiency Virus- Tuberculosis

HLR: High Level Resistance

HSV : Herpes Simplex Virus

IBW : Ideal Body Weight

ICU : Intensive Care Unit

IDSA : Infectious Diseases Society of America

IE : Infective Endocarditis

IFA :  Indirect Fluorescent Antibody

IM : Intramuscular Administration

IPD : Intermitted peritoneal dialysis

IV : Intravenous Administration

IVDU : Intravenous Drug User

kg : kilogram

KOH prep : Potassium hydroxide preparation

LD : Loading dose

LP : Lumbar Punctures

LRTI : Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

MCUG : Micturating Cystourethogram

MD : Maintenance dose

MDR : Multidrug-resistant

MDR-TB : Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis

MIC : Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

MOH : Ministry of Health

MRSA : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA : Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

MU : Mega Units

NAAT : Nucleic Acid Amplification Test

NSAID : Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

NSU : Non-Specific Urethritis

NVE : Native Valve Endocarditis

ORL : Othorhinolaryngology

ORS : Oral Rehydration Salts

PAE : Post-antibiotic Effect

PAS stain : Periodic acid–Schiff stain

PCNL : Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

PCR : Polymerase Chain Reaction

PD : Peritoneal Dialysis

PEP: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

PI : Protease inhibitors

PID: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

PMA : Post menstrual age

PNA : Post natal age

PO : (per os) oral administration

PPI : Proton Pump Inhibitors

PPROM: Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes

PROM: Premature Rupture Of Membranes

PSD : Pharmaceutical Services Division

PTB : Pulmonary Tuberculosis

PUD : Peptic Ulcer Disease

PVE : Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

q12h : every 12 hours

q24h : every 24 hours

q6h : every 6 hours

q8h : every 8 hours

R: Rifampicin

RCMM : Robertson’s Cook Meat Medium

RIRS : Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery

S: Streptomycin

SBE : Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

SDD : Single Daily Dosing

SGC : Soft Gel Capsule

SIRS : Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

sp. : species

spp. : species

SSG : Split skin grafting

STD : Sexually Transmitted Diseases

TAHBSO : Total Abdominal Hysterectomy Bilateral Saphingo-Oophorectomy 

TB : Tuberculosis

TDM : Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

TEVAR: Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

TIG : Tetanus Immune Globulin

TMJ: Temporomandibular joint

TMP-SMX : Trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole

TURP : Trans-Urethral Resection of the Prostate

URS : Uretero-Renoscopy

UTI : Urinary Tract Infection

VAP : Ventilator-associated pneumonia

VAS :  Visual Analogue Score

VDRL : Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

VRE : Vancomycin Resistant Enterococus

WBC : White blood cell

WCC : White call count

WHO : World Health Organization

yr : year

Z: Pyrazinamide