Learning Outcomes:

1. describe the production of sound by vibrating sources
2. describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves in terms of the processes of compression and rarefaction
3. explain that a medium is required in order to transmit sound waves and that the speed of sound differs in air, liquids and solids
4. relate loudness of a sound wave to its amplitude and pitch to its frequency
5. describe how the reflection of sound may produce an echo, and how this may be used for measuring distances