Paulo Friere: Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1968)[1970] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedagogy_of_the_Oppressed 

• "The adapted man, neither dialoguing nor participating, accommodates to conditions imposed upon him and thereby acquires an authoritarian and uncritical frame of mind." (Friere 1969, quoted in Pelling 2011)

Adaptation: process through which an actor is able to reflect upon and enact change in those practices and underlying institutions that generate root and proximate causes of risk and frame capacity to cope and further rounds of adaptation 

Coping: established practices and institutions marshalled when confronted with climate change.

"The power of resilience to suppress deeper changes in the institutions and values that shape development and risk management is reinforced by its attractiveness as a solution to climate change risks for donors and government precisely because it does not challenge the wider status quo. The technical and organizational innovations required by resilient adaptation are less politically challenging, often more visible and quicker to implement than transitional and transformative adaptations." -51

Four antecedents to Adaptation theory:

• Cybernetics

  • quantitative, value-neutral human ecology & ecological modeling of material and energy flows in coupled human-natural systems

  • Is emergy the new cybernetics, inclusive of quantification of quality and values?

• Co-evolution

  • historically-rooted development of human, technology, nature, values, knowledge and social organization in systems evolving / undergoing processes of change

  • qualitative, abstract theory with integrated evolutionary human-environment systems thinking 

  • Sounds very compatible with a human/nature co-production concept in political ecology

• Adaptive Management

  • Management response to Resilience Thinking 

  • maintain institutional flexibility in the fore loop to maintain system resiliency

  • design institutions matched to complexity of ecosystems

• Coping Mechanisms

  • Based in theory on development, natural hazards, and livelihoods, e.g. the access model

  • Environment as Hazard and At Risk both made the case for social causes of natural disasters. 

Geography makes complexity and uncertainty real, addresses overlaps as it has an interdisciplinary nature. Participatory mapping is a useful example of coproduction of knowledge (marilia)

Climate models that attempt to predict the future often fail to account for social and climate uncertainties as they are only able to focus on a few parts of a complex problem. Models can miss social changes and focus on concrete strategies. Response models are for general outcomes. (marilia)