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Nature
Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring & is influenced by genetic inheritance.
Inherited genes- eye and hair color, skin color,
The genes we are born with
Behavioral tendencies
Personality attributes
Intelligence
Ex: A child's parent's are both tall. The child will most likely have the tall gene, but he is not given the proper nutrients and nutrient as he grows. Without getting proper nourishment, this may stunt the child's growth and he will not grow to be tall like his parents.
Heredity
Nurture
Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception. This happens through life experiences, product of exposure, learning from others or your environment.
Language
The way we are raised
Social relationships
Cultural backgrounds
Ex: A child is born into a family with is caring, thoughtful, loving, and generous. Because of the exposure this child is experiencing, he will grow to be loving, have great relationships and friendships.
environmental influence
There has been controversy between scientists, psychologists, researchers, theorists, etc. that genetics are a natural cause of personality, language, etc., while other scientists believe nature plays the role in human behavior. Nowadays developmental psychologists believe both nature and nurture play key roles in human behavior.
Researchers use various methods to gather information to support their arguments. The naturalistic observation studies are conducted in real-life settings. They observe natural behavior of children in settings like their home, playground, schools, etc. The case study uses a number of different kinds of information. Scientists record all relevant factors in a persons behavior from direct observation, questionnaires, standardized tests, interviews.
The two other controversies are the continuity-discontinuity controversy and the active-passive controversy.
The discontinuity view sees change as more abrupt. Quick changes produce different behaviors in different age-specific stages. An example of discontinuity is a butterfly. A butterfly starts as an egg, then a caterpillar, to a chrysalis, and then a butterfly. It changes its form completely. Discontinuity in child is abrupt, for example, a child goes from being only able to think literally to being able to think abstractly. An example would be when a parent tells a child "goodnight, don't let the bedbugs bite". A small child may take that seriously whereas a child even a year older knows there are not literally bedbugs in your bed.
The Continuity view says the change is gradual/continuous in the way children become more skillful in thinking, talking, and acting as they get taller. An example of continuity would be a flower. It gradually changes from a seed, to a little stem, then a taller stem with a bud, then it blossoms to a flower. An example of continuity would be an infant that starts out immobile, then learns to roll over, sit-up, crawl, and then eventually walk.
Active-Passive is the other controversy. John Locke's theory is that children are blank slates. He and some educators believe children are passive and are molded by their social influences. While other educators see children as active beings who are the prime determiners of their own abilities and traits.
References
[Photo of babies on leaves and hands]. (n.d.). Mapping ignorance.
https://mappingignorance.org/2013/12/20/economics-and-the-debate-on-nature-vs-nurture/
[Green heart with tree in the middle]. (n.d.). True nature psychology
[Mom and baby]. (n.d.). Pexels
https://www.pexels.com/search/mother%20and%20baby/
[Life cycle of a butterfly]. (n.d.). Pinterest
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/407435097513993312/
[Life cycle of a flower]. (n.d.). 1-800-Flowers
https://www.1800flowers.com/blog/flower-facts/life-cycle-of-sunflowers/
[Chalkboard with active/passive examples]. (n.d.). Pinterest
https://www.pinterest.com/laurakniew/active-versus-passive-learning/
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