Canine Infectious Hepatitis

Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH)

Canine Adenovirus Type-1 (CAV-1)

• Reservoir:

  • Canines

    • Urine

    • Feces

• Portal of Exit:

  • The virus will be in the fluids from an infected animal such as:  The virus is transmitted via the fluids of an infected animal such as" (secrections/excretions instead of "fluids")

    • Nasal and/or eye discharge

    • Urine

    • Feces

    • Saliva

• Mode of Transmission:

  • Direct: 

    • Dog to Dog contact

    • Example: Ingestion or contact with infected urine, feces, saliva, and/or nasal and eye discharge 

    • Example: An infected dog bite healthy dog and saliva enters through mouth, nose, or eyes.

  • Indirect:

    • Contact with contaminated fomites

    • Example: Dog comes in contact with the virus on an object just as clothing or at a park.

• Portal of Entry:

  • Oronasal exposure to infected urine, feces, saliva, and/or nasal and eye discharge 

• Susceptible Host:

  • Most susceptible are young canines (Unvaccinated)

• Clinical Signs:

  • Lethargy

  • Oculonasal discharge

  • Abdominal pain

  • Anorexia

  • Vomiting / hematemesis 

  • Febrile

• Prevention:

  • Canine Adenovirus Type 2 Vaccine (CAV-2)

    • Core vaccine

    • Injectable Modified Live Vaccine 

    • Can be given when canine is 6 weeks of age or older 

      • Boosters to be given every 3-4 wks until 14-16 weeks of age 

      • After boosters the vaccine will last for 1 year, then 3 years thereafter

  • Virus can be killed by exposure to bleach or steam cleaning 

• Sources:

  • https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/infectious-canine-hepatitis/infectious-canine-hepatitis#Etiology-and-Pathogenesis_v3276651 

  • https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/hepatitis-adenovirus-infection-in-dogs 

  • Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians. 10th ed. Bassert, Beal, Samples

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  • Bassert, Beal, Samples

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Reviewed by Sara Dubs (blue)