Bio-optics

Experts

Emmanuel Boss

• University of Maine
• emmanuel.boss@maine.edu

Anya Waite

• Alfred Wegener Institute
• anya.waite@awi.de

Julia Uitz

• Villefranche Oceanographic Laboratory
• Julia.Uitz@obs-vlfr.fr

Herve Claustre

• Villefranche Oceanographic Laboratory
• claustre@obs-vlfr.fr

Katja Fennel

• Dalhousie
• Katja.Fennel@dal.ca

Sandy Thomalla

• CSIR
• sthomalla@csir.co.za

Hide Yamazaki

• Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
• hide@kaiyodai.ac.jp

Frank Mueller-Karger

• University of Southern Florida
• carib@usf.edu

Heidi M. Sosik

• Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• hsosik@whoi.edu

Outside the WG

Collin Roesler

• Bowdoin
• croesler@bowdoin.edu

Hubert Loisel

• ULICO
• hubert.loisel@univ-littoral.fr

Mike Twardowski

• Florida Atlantic U.
• mtwardowski@fau.edu

Dariusz Stramski

• UC San Diego
• dstramski@ucsd.edu

Wayne Slade

• Sequoia Scientific
• wslade@sequoiasci.com

Relevant Documents

Real-Time Coastal Observing Systems for Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Bloom, 2008, M. Babin, C.S. Roesler and J.J. Cullen, eds. UNESCO Publishing, Paris, France.

Ocean Observatory Initiative: find sensor at: http://oceanobservatories.org/instruments/ and look of DPS (data product specification): Fchl, Fcdom, Backscattering coefficient, hyperspectral absorpiton and attenuation, downwelling PAR, downwelling spectral irradiance.

BGC-Argo (http://biogeochemical-argo.org/): Fchl, Backscattering coefficient and downwelling irradiance.

Real time QA/QC of bio-optical data: IOOS Manual for Real-Time Quality Control of Ocean Optics Data:

https://ioos.noaa.gov/ioos-in-action/oceanic-optics/

Recent review: Boss, E. L. Guidi, M. J. Richardson, L. Stemmann, W. Gardner, J. K. B. Bishop, R. F Anderson, and R. M Sherrell, 2015. Optical techniques for remote and in-situ characterization of particles pertinent to GEOTRACES. Progress in Oceanography, 133, 43-54, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.09.007.

Bio-optical measurements relevant to P-OBS

A. For GO-SHIP (note calibration is key to obtain many of these measurements).

I. Radiometry:

a. ship-mounted systems to measure

1. Downwelling spectral irradiance and PAR (validation and input radiative forcing for models).

2. Spectral reflectance (Mobley method, uses three radiometers) (same products as available from Ocean Color remote sensing).

3. Atmospheric transmission (validation of models).

b. Radiometry: on rosette or profiling systems

1. Down-welling spectral irradiance and PAR (validation and input radiative forcing for models). (Inversion of spectral Kd to obtain CDOM and Chlorophyll. Input for Heating, oxidation, NPP rates).

2. With upwelling radiance, computation of near surface reflectance (same products as available from Ocean Color remote sensing).

II. Inherent optical properties (spectral means several wavelengths)

1. Single wavelength or spectral backscattering sensor on rosette and/or inline system (POC and a size parameter).

2. Single wavelength or spectral attenuation, spectral absorption and scattering on rosette and/or inline system (can separate particulate and dissolved properties and provide calibration independent particulate properties. (CDOM, phytoplankton pigments, POC and a size parameter).

Currently for GO-SHIP: single wavelength transmissometers on the rosette are the only sensors recommended in level 2. Level 3 has: upper ocean optical.

III. Fluorescence

1. Single and multi-wavelengths excitation of fluorescence by dissolved organics and phytoplankton pigments. On rosette and/or inline system (FDOM, phytoplankton pigments).

2. Time-variable fluorescence on rosette and/or inline system (phytoplankton physiology).

IV. Bioluminescence

1. Bioluminescence potential on Rosette (bio luminescing micro-organisms).

B. For Mooring (Ocean-SITES – note: bio-fouling mitigation is key to obtain useful data. Pre and post-calibration is key. Some sensors are power hungry).

I. Radiometry

1. Downwelling spectral irradiance and PAR (validation and input radiative forcing for models).

2. With upwelling radiance, computation of near surface reflectance (same products as available from Ocean Color remote sensing).

On profiling moorings, same as above.

II. Inherent optical properties (spectral means several wavelengths)

1. Spectral backscattering sensor on rosette and/or inline system (POC and a size parameter).

2. Spectral absorption and attenuation on rosette and/or inline system (can separate particulate and dissolved properties and provide calibration independent particulate properties. (CDOM, phytoplankton pigments, POC and a size parameter).

III. Fluorescence

1. Single and multi-wavelengths excitation of fluorescence by dissolved organics and phytoplankton pigments. On rosette and/or inline system (FDOM, phytoplankton pigments).

2. Time-variable fluorescence on rosette and/or inline system (phytoplankton physiology).

IV. Bioluminescence

1. Bioluminescence potential on Rosette (bio luminescing micro-organisms).

Relevant Technology

Relevant Water Samples