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Marlee Matlin
The Deaf community is comprised of individuals who use sign language as their primary mode of communication, and who appreciate Deaf history, literature, and cultural beliefs (Cripps, 2023).
This model is most commonly advocated for by members of the Deaf community (Massachusetts Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, 2022). It emphasizes that people must focus on what Deaf individuals CAN do, rather than what they cannot do (Massachusetts Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, 2022).
The "medical/pathological" model views individuals who are deaf as people who are "deficient in some way because he or she may not be able to communicate by 'speaking' and 'hearing'" (Massachusetts Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, 2022, para. 2).
In this model, Deaf people are also commonly thought of as needing to be "cured" of their deafness (Massachusetts Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, 2022).
The "medical" view is often associated with why many Deaf patients are hesitant to receive medical assistance, because of the perspective that they need to be "cured" (Hoang et al., 2010).
In general, it has been found that Deaf individuals are routinely not provided with appropriate communication resources during medical appointments (e.g. interpreters), which can impact their ability to communicate with their healthcare providers as well as impede their understanding of their health conditions (Hoglind, 2018). For instance, these communication barriers are often considered the reason why many Deaf individuals are more likely to experience negative health circumstances, like a higher rate of cardiovascular problems (Hoglind, 2018).
In a 2010 article by Hoang et al., the researchers found that most healthcare providers are not aware of the limited percentage of words that are understood through lipreading (only about 30% of spoken words are typically understood), and because of this, there can be communication breakdowns that lead many Deaf patients to avoid medical visits/physicians.
Many medical professionals believe in using interpreters, however, most don't offer them to Deaf patients and some don't even know that they are legally required to provide them (Hoang et al., 2010).
Some individuals have also reported frustration during communication interactions with healthcare providers because of the need to routinely advocate for interpreters or access to necessary resources for communication (Steinberg et al., 2006). These barriers have resulted in many Deaf individuals feeling that, in healthcare settings, they are not treated equally to hearing patients (Steinberg et al., 2006).