📝 Learning Competencies:

Discuss simple diagnostics in Industrial Arts Services.
Perform simple troubleshooting in Industrial Arts Services.

🎯Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you should able to:

Identify common faults and problems in basic industrial tools, machines, and electrical systems.
Apply systematic steps to identify and correct simple faults.
Value safety, discipline, and proper work ethics in Industrial Arts Services.

✏️ PRE-TEST

Instructions: Read each question carefully and select the one best answer for all 10 multiple-choice questions in the Google Form before submitting.

📑 Lesson 6: Diagnostics and Troubleshooting in Industrial Arts Services - Electrical Services

Overview

Learning electrical-electronics diagnostics and troubleshooting in high school equips students with practical skills for safely managing and repairing basic electrical systems while promoting self-reliance. It also prepares them for future careers by developing critical thinking, problem-solving, and technical confidence through hands-on, real-world experiences, and by emphasizing the responsible use of electrical systems in modern society.

📑 Unlocking Vocabulary

Diagnostics – used for discovering the characteristics or cause of a problem in a system or machine (Cambridge Dictionary, 2024).

• Troubleshooting – is a systematic approach to problem-solving that is often used to find and correct issues with complex machines, electronics, computers, and software systems.

BASIC TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC AND TROUBLESHOOTING

1. Information Gathering

Before troubleshooting, confirm the circuit problem and review the owner’s manual or technical documentation. Use these resources to identify the system’s main components—such as power sources, control units, sensors, actuators, and related circuits—to understand normal operation or locate irregularities.

2. Safety Precautions

✅ Prioritize safety by wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as insulated gloves, safety goggles, and non-conductive footwear.

✅ Always turn off the power before doing any diagnostic or repair work. Switch off devices, unplug them from power sources, and use lockout/tagout procedures when needed.

3. Diagnosis

Visual Inspection

Do a careful visual inspection of the system. Check for damaged or burnt components, loose or faulty connections, and proper grounding. Look at the PCB for overlapping traces, poor solder joints, and possible short circuits between nearby soldered points.

Sense of smell. Burned components emit a distinct and unpleasant odor and may exhibit discoloration or carbonization. Additionally, the printed circuit board (PCB) beneath the component may show signs of discoloration.
Sense of touch. Detect any excessively hot components by carefully feeling them. Exercise caution to avoid burning your fingers. If any component feels hot enough to cause discomfort or burns, it likely indicates a problem.
Testing Equipment. Utilize specialized testing equipment such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, and signal generators to measure voltage, current, resistance, frequency, and other relevant parameters.
Diagnostic Tools. Employ diagnostic tools like continuity testers, logic analyzers, and thermal imaging cameras to pinpoint faults and anomalies within the system.

Common Electrical-Electronics Problems

Component Failure: Identify and replace malfunctioning components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, integrated circuits (ICs), relays, and switches.
Short Circuits and Open Circuits: Diagnose and repair short circuits (unintended connections between conductors) and open circuits (broken connections) using continuity testing and visual inspection techniques.
Intermittent Faults: Troubleshoot intermittent faults that occur sporadically by monitoring system behavior over time and using diagnostic tools to capture transient events.

Electronic Circuit Repair and Maintenance

Signal Degradation: Investigate issues related to signal degradation, noise interference, signal distortion, and signal attenuation in electronic circuits and communication networks.
Power Supply Problems: Address issues related to power supply instability, voltage fluctuations, overvoltage/undervoltage conditions, and power quality disturbances.

Repair and Replacement

Component Replacement: Substitute faulty components with suitable replacements, ensuring adherence to correct polarity, voltage ratings, current ratings, and other relevant specifications.

Check Your Work

Upon completion of repairs, execute functional and performance assessments to ensure proper system operation and compliance with predefined criteria.
Employ diagnostic tools and specialized testing protocols to confirm system functionality, calibration precision, and adherence to pertinent standards and specifications.

Let's try this!

Activity Title: Electrical/Electronic Circuit Diagnostics Challenge

Materials Needed:

Assorted lamps, wires, switches, and other electrical/electronic components (for replacement).

Lamps

Wires

Switches

2. Pre-made electrical circuits with short circuits, open circuits, or incorrect component placement.

3. Multi-tester

The students must complete the table below based on the identified problem and the troubleshooting solution. The remarks will show if the solution they have given is correct.

Activity: Troubleshooting Report

✏️ POST TEST

Instructions: Read each question carefully and select the one best answer for all 10 multiple-choice questions in the Google Form before submitting.

✏️ WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

Instruction: On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions. Your answers will be evaluated using the scoring rubrics.

Why is proper work ethics important when working with tools and materials?
How can valuing safety protect both workers and the workplace environment?

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