Hodder Education, ToK Concepts Chapter
Certainty - The quality of having no doubt. How certain is our knowledge?
Culture - The shared ideas, beliefs, customs and practices of a community or society. Does knowledge depend on the ideas and traditions of our communities?
Evidence - Signs that you can see, hear, experience or read to support the truth of an assertion. What counts as evidence?
Explanation - An account or statement that makes something clear. What makes an explanation convincing?
Interpretation - An explanation of the meaning of something. What makes a justified interpretation?
Justification - A reason or reasons for a belief or support for a claim. What distinguishes a good justification from a bad one?
Objectivity - Looking at the world in a detached way that focuses on facts, largely independent of a personal perspective, and that expects to be corroborated by a knowledge community. What does it mean to be open-minded and unbiased?
Perspective - Point of view, a particular way of seeing or considering something. Are some viewpoints more justified than others?
Power - Control, influence, strength. To what extent should we accept knowledge by authority?
Responsibility - A duty or moral obligation. Where do our responsibilities as knowers begin and end?
Truth -In accord with fact or reality, or faithfulness to a standard. Can we ever be certain of the truth?
Values - Standards of behavior; regard for things of important moral worth. Is knowledge influenced by ethical considerations and ideas we value?
Knowledge issues have to do with the production, acquisition, application and communication of knowledge
Yours and others' perceptions, experiences, assumptions, biases (confirmation bias, implicit bias), stereotypes, disagreement, distortion, skepticism,
The source of the knowledge: experts, scholars, authority, representations, symbols, analogies, models, labels,
Others: beliefs, theory, natural laws, description, methodology, facts, relativism, context, coherence, implications, reality, myth, privilege, innovation, competition, progress, accumulation, identity, ignorance, proof, tribalism, misinformation, disinformation, fake news, ambiguity, vagueness, classification (taxonomy), appearance versus reality, flaws, accuracy, function, usefulness, concensus, neutrality.