Citing indirect sources

An indirect source is a source that is cited in another source. Always, try to find the original source; however if you can’t find it then use “qtd. in”.

Example: Smith argues that schools “need to change with the times” (qtd. in Brown 331).

Then you also have to refer to the source where you found the information, not the original source. Brown would be included in the list of references, not Smith.

Another example:

If you read an article by Prue Wong, in which she cites information from a previous study by Collins and Wright, and you wish to refer to this information in your work:

• You would acknowledge Collins and Wright in the text:

Collins and Wright's study found that “Gen X are concerned about having enough money for their retirement" (qtd. in Wong 29).

• In your References list at the end of your essay, your entry would be a reference for Wong's article because that is where you sourced the information:

Wong, Prue. "Comparing and Contrasting the Generations." The Easy Life, vol. 7, no. 1, 2016, pp. 25-36.