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introduction
introduction
An open system is one that must interact with its environment to maintain its existence. Cells are efficient open systems able to carry on all of the life processes.
Any efficient open system has many parts that work together for a particular goal. Each part has its own function. Cells, the basic units of life, maintain the life processes within specialized structures called organelles, each with its own function to perform. Cells are highly efficient, open systems that are able to exchange matter and energy with their surroundings. Cells carry on all of the lifeprocessess including
intake of nutrients
movement
growth
respond to stimuli
exchange gases
waste removal
reproduction
Read Page 267
http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/biology/life-processes.html
the cell is an open system
the cell is an open system
To function efficiently cells must be able to exchange matter with its surroundings. They must be able to interact with their environment and with each other.
A cell must work constantly to maintain a fine balance among the different life processes in order to be efficient and conserve energy
ANIMAL VS. PLANT CELL ORGANELLES
ANIMAL VS. PLANT CELL ORGANELLES
Read Pages 267-270
Cells are the universal characteristic of life. They are the building blocks of all living organisms and give rise to new cells. In order for a cell’s activities to continue, a “steady state” must be maintained. The cell must exchange matter and energy with its environment, interact with its surroundings and eliminate waste products. The components of a cell that perform these functions are called organelles and the functioning of these structures is essential to maintaining the life processes of the cell. This unit considers cell organelles and how they carry out the functions necessary for the cell to survive in its environment.
Use the following interactive simulation to explore and learn about plant and animal cells
Use the following interactive stimulation to build your own animal and plant cell
https://sepuplhs.org/middle/third-edition/simulations/cell_sim.html
The chemical composition of cell structures
The chemical composition of cell structures
The major elements making up the structure of plant and animal cells are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. These are organized into four major organic compounds
Lipids- like fats and oils
Carbohydrates- like sugars
Starches
Cellulose
Protein
Nucleic Acids
Pages 271-272
A model of the cell membrane- fluid mosaic model
A model of the cell membrane- fluid mosaic model
Read Pages 272-273
The cell membrane is used to maintain equilibrium or balance inside the cell. The cell needs to keep this equilibrium while allowing some substances in and keeping others out.
The membrane is sometimes referred to as the plasma membrane
Consists of a phospholipid bilayer: A double layer of lipids that each have a phosphate group attached. The phosphates face out into the watery fluids on either side of the membrane while the lipids face towards each other in the inner part of the membrane.
Fluid mosaic model
Fluid mosaic model
A mosaic is a collection of different substances held together by a common material. The image to the right shows each part of the membrane. Each part has a role to play in allowing the movement of nutrients, gases, and wastes into and out of the cell.
Learning activities
Learning activities
Describe what makes the cell an open system
In your own words describe the appearance and the function of the following structures: cell membrane, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts.
List three similarities and three differences of plant and animal cells.
Why is the cell membrane considered a fluid mosaic model.
Next: You are now ready to move on to complete section C2.2
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