April

INTRODUCTION

Work Education provides the basis of building up proper attitudes towards work by developing favorable wok values and habits, imparting necessary knowledge related to work, and developing appropriate work skills, which can help to become productive and self-reliant in meeting their day to day needs and those of their families and community.

Activity : SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

(While working on Electrical system)

Objectives:

1. To acquaint with various safety rules.

2. To inculcate the habit of safe working.

RELATED INFORMATION: Electricity is used in all spheres of life, at the same time it is very dangerous if not used properly and carefully. Hence, it is necessary to know the various safety rules and how to observe rules.

Safety Rules or Safety Precautions:

1. The Golden Rule: Treat every electric wire or electrical appliance as live.

2. Before touching any wire or any electrical equipment make sure that there is no electricity.

3. Test the presence of electricity with the help of the line tester.

4. Do not touch electrical appliance with wet hands.

5. Do not disconnect plug point by pulling flexible chord.

6. Do not insert wires one the plug without plug top.

July

Objectives:

1. To Identify various types of Technical components.

2. To know the purpose of each component.

Materials Required:

1. Single Cell holder.

2. Battery holders - 2 Pencil cells.

3. Battery holder - 4 pencil cells.

4. 9 Volts Battery snap.

5. Lamp holders.

6. Pencil Cells.

7. Light Emitting Diode (LED).

8. LED holder.

9. 9 Volt Battery.

10. Button Cells.

11. Mini Motor.

12. Crocodile connector:

Description of components:

Battery holder – 2 pencil cells: To hold two pencil cells. This holder has two terminals out for connecting to lamp/motor etc.

Battery holder – 4 pencil cells: To hold 4 pencil cells. This holder has two terminal such that ‘a snap’ can be pressed to take out output connections.

9 Volts battery snap: It has positive and negative terminal and a pair of wires. It is used to hold 9V battery and to connect lamp, motor etc. The snap can be used to connect 4-cell holder also.

Lamp holder : To hold a lamp. For example a torch lamp holder can hold a torch lamp.

Switch: To control (i.e., ON/OFF) the lamp/motor etc.

Pencil Cell: To provide electrical supply of 1.5 Volts for operating small lights etc.

LED (Light Emitting Diode): It is an electronic component, emits light. Different colours like RED, GREEN, YELLOW and MULTI COLOUR LEDs of different sizes are available in the market.

LED holder: To hold light emitting diode.

Nine volts battery: It is used to provide 9 Volts electrical supply.

Button Cells: It is a mini cell normally used in watches and in the computer motherboard. Button cell of 3 Volts can operate the LED.

Mini motor: It is a motor normally used in tape recorders. This can be used for working models of exhibits. Crocodile connector: This is used to make temporary connections.

Crocodile connector: This is used to make temporary connections.

August

Objectives:

1. To understand how to handle the tools, which are most used for technical activities.

2. To handle few tools safely with battery operated activities (for safe learning).

Materials Required:

1. Wire Stripper.

2. Cutter,

3. Cutting pliar.

4. Connecting wires.

5. Nose pliar.

6. Connector screw driver.

7. Line Tester.

Uses of Tools:

1. Wire Stripper: It is used to remove the insulation of wire.

2. Cutter: It is used to Cut the wire.

3. Cutting pliar: This is used to hold the things and also used to cut the think wires and cables.

4. Connecting wires: It is used to connect the wire, here it is used to practice remove the insulation and twisting the wire stands.

5. Nose pliar: It is used hold the things from the small passage, Ex: holding the screw from some hole.

6. Connector screw driver: It is used to connect the wire to the terminals.

7. Line Tester: It is used to test the presence of electricity.

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PRECAUTIONS:

1. Caution must be taken while handling sharp edge tools, such a electricians knife, Screw drivers, cutters etc.

2. Use appropriate tool only.

3. While using line tester, proper care must taken, not to touch any live wire.

SUGGESTED MINI TOOL KIT FOR STUDENTS:

Student need not depend on school lab much, if maintained this kit :

1. Folding Blade.

2. Mini Screw driver set ('-' and '+' : small/medium).

3. Tester.

4. Scissor.

5. Tweezer.

6. Cutter / Nipper.

7. Nose plair

8. Wire Stripper.

9. Mini Hacksaw blade.

10. Mini File.

11. Continuity tester..

12. Mini Soldering Iron.

13. De-soldering pump.

14. Hand drill.

15. Mini Hammer

16. Adopter drill machine.

Additional Information :

List of Tools and Machinery for Projects / Proto typing:

Tools:

1. Taparia Screw driver set. (6 in 1).

2. Cutting Plier.

3. Nose plier.

4. Hammer.

5. Mini Hacksaw bade with frame.

6. Hacksaw blade.

7. Hacksaw blade with cutter

​Instruments:

1. Ammeter.

2. Volt meter.

3. Multi meter (Anologue).

4. Digital Multi meter.

5. Clamp meter.

Machinery:

List of Tools and Machinery for Projects / Proto typing:

Machinery:

1. Hand operated drill machine.

2. Mini drill (adopter based).

3. Mini drill with drill press (mini craft brand)

4. ​Electrical Drill machine.

5. Cutter cum grinder (D-Walt brand)t / grander etc.).

6. Multi purpose machine - Dremel brand. - battery operated - rechargeable.

7. Blower.

8. Ply cutter.

9. Multi purpose machine - Dremel brand. - battery operated - rechargeable.

​Equipment:

1. PC Oscilloscope.

2. Power supply.

September

Objectives: To understand the use of various Electrical accessories.

Materials Required:

1. Switches.

2. Holders.

3. Plugs.

4. Sockets.

5. Connecting wires .

Uses of Accessories.

1. Switch : A switch is used to make the contact or break the contact.

2. Holder: It is used to hold the bulb.

3. Plug : It is used to connect the appliance to the electrical supply through the socket.

4. Socket: It is used to provide electrical supply from the mains supply via switch board.

5. Connecting wires: These are used to connect various electrical accessories.

Learning accessories - Comparing with low power accessories:

1. Electrical Power supply - Battery box.

2. Electrical socket - Adopter female.

3. Electrical plug - Adopter Pin, 9V snap, battery box connector.

4. Electrical Switch - Toggle switch, slide switch.

5. Connecting wire (Electrical) - Wires for electronic use.

October

Objectives: To understand the use of Line tester

Materials Required:

1. Line tester.

2. Connector screw driver (for open the line tester)

Related Information:

Line tester is the electrical device, which is used to check the presence of Electricity. It has a neon light and resistor. The phase wire can be identified by the flow in the tester, when the tip of the tester is placed on it. Tester is provided with a screw driver, but it should be used with care.

Following are the main parts of a typical Phase or Line Tester:

1). Metallic Rod and Mouth:

2). Body and Insulation.

3). Resistor.

4). Neon Bulb.

5). Element (Metallic Spring).

6). Metallic Cap Screw and Clip.

Working of a Phase or Line Tester:

When we touch mouth (flat end of the Metallic rod) of Phase or Line tester with naked Live / hot wire whereas one of our finger touch the metallic Cap Screw or Clip of Phase/Line Tester, then circuit is completed and current start to flow in Metallic rod.

Safety Precaution:

1. Never try to work on electricity without proper guidance and care.

2. Work with electricity only in presence of those persons who has good knowledge and practical work to deal with electricity.

3. Don’t touches the open wire/Conductor even tester shows absence of phase or hot supply.

4. Use Line Tester only with 100V-500V,

5. Don’t use Phase or Line Tester with High voltages.

6. Don’t hit on the handle of Line tester otherwise, Neon bulb or element may damage.

November

Objectives :

1. To know the various sources of Electricity.

2. To understand various terms - Current, Voltage.

Related Information:

We get electricity by generating it from other power sources. Electricity can be generated by using :

1. Hydel,

2. Thermal,

3. Solar.

4. Wind and

5. Nuclear power

In these cases we are only converting one or the other form of energy into electrical energy. Electrical energy cannot be created.

Concept of Voltage and Current:

We use the terms like voltage and current when talk about electricity. But it is essential to understand the concept behind these terms in order to use them in correct sense. When we use electrical gadgets, it is essential to know their input in terms of voltage and current. The capacity of appliances is understood, by current it can draw and voltage it can withstand.

Current: The flow of electric charges is known as current. It is measured in ampere. It is denoted by letter 'I'.

Voltage: Electrical charges are forced to move from point to point due to potential difference. This force is known as Electro Motive Force (EMF). It is denoted by the letter 'V' .

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December

Objective :

1. To learn how to construct simple circuits with a source and a load.

2. Constructing the Circuits in Virtual mode using TinkerCAD.

Materials Required:

• A source (A button cell, AAA cells, AA cells, 9V cells, 12 Volt cells, 4 V cells.

• Suitable source holder or connectors (button cell holder, 2 pencil cell holder, 4 pencil holder with 9V snap, 9 V snap, battery terminals or crocodile clips.

• Suitable load (LED, 6 V bulb, 12 V LED module, 3-5 V buzzer, 3-12V buzzer, 3V mini motor, 6 V mini motor, 12 DC motor,

• Suitable load holder or connector (LED holder, 2pin connector wire, torch bulb holder, 2 pair pin connector (screw type).

• Suitable switch (on/off or push type)

• Tools and soldering iron (for some project).

Related Information:

• A Simple circuit can be constructed using:

1. A button cell and a LED light / 3 Volts buzzer - 3 Volts circuit.

2. 2 Pencil cells and LED light/3-5 Volts buzzer, 3 V mini motor - 3 Volts circuit.

3. 4 Pencil cells and torch bulb circuit / 3-12 Volts Buzzer (blinker horn), 6V mini motor- 6 Volt circuit.

4. 9V Battery - Resister and LED circuit, 3-12 V Buzzer, 6-12 V Mini motor - 9 V circuit.

5. 12 V battery (Re-chargeable) / 3 X 4 V(1.2AH) (Re-chargeable cells) - 12 LED module/ 3-12 V Buzzer. 12 V LED light, 12 V DC Fan, 12 V LED Tube.

Procedure:

1. Preparation of base board.

• Mark the place for project title at the top center and name class/section, group etc at bottom right of base board with pencil.

• Plan and mark to places of the components with pencil.

• Draw the relevant symbolic circuit diagram in the center of the base board.

• If pencil work is satisfied, make the drawings with sketches or markers.

2. Mount the components.

3. Make the connections.

4. Test the circuit and put ON/OFF and observe.

DO NOT Connect:

1. 9 Volt battery directly to 3 Volt LED.

2. 12 Volt battery directly to 3 Volt LED or 6 V torch bulb.

3. Connecting any DC load to AC power supply.

Precautions:

• Ensure the load voltage before connecting to a source.

• Not use AC supply while making simple circuit.

• Never connect positive terminal to negative terminals of cells/batteries.

January

Objectives:

1. To know what is Conductor and What is an Insulator.

2. To identify the given item is a Conductor or Insulators.

Materials Required:

1. ​Base board.

2. 9V Snap.

3. 9V Cell

4. Test terminals or Crocodile clips (black and red).

5. Buzzer.

6. Connecting wires.

Procedure:

1. Fix the cells in cell holder and fix it to the base board.

2. Fix the Buzzer to base board.

3. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.

4. Fix the crocodile clips to wires as in circuit diagram.

5. Connect the test leads to the materials like Wood (pencil outer part), plastic (pen outer part), Coin (a metal), Nail (metal), Carbon (pencil inside lead) etc and observe the Light.