1.Carbon

SLIDES

Carbon atoms can form covalent bonds. 1 Covalent bond is shown by a line. The free electrons in the carbon atoms can form bonds with other atoms.

A single carbon compound is methane.

Molecular formula - shows what element are present and the number of atoms in a single molecule

Structural formula - models the structure of a molecule with chemical symbols and lines

Ball model - models the shape and bonds in the molecule

Sulphuric acid reacts with sugar in a dehydration reaction 

C12H22O11 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) + 1/2 O2 (g) → 11 C (s) + CO2 (g) + 12 H2O (g) + SO2 (g) 

This reaction works for anything that contains Carbon.

 Carbon exists in many forms. 

Kemia page 204 -208

299. Mitä alkuaineita orgaaniset yhdisteet sisältävät? Kerro alkuaineen nimi ja kemiallinen merkki. What elements do organic compounds contain? give the name and chemical symbol.

 carbon C, hydrogen H, oxygen O,  nitrogen N, sulpher S,  phosphorus P 

300. Selitä seuraavat käsitteet/ explain the following concepts

a) kovalenttinen sidos/ covalent bonds

a force of attraction when 2 or more atoms share electrons

 b) molekyylikaava/ molecular formula 

a way of showing the number of atoms in a molecules

c) rakennekaava/ structural formula 

a way of showing how atoms are bonded in molecules

301. Onko väite oikein vai väärin? korjaa väärät vaittämät oikeiksi/ Are the following true or false? Correct the false ones.

a) Orgaaniset yhdisteet kestävät hyvin kuumennusta/ organic compounds are highly resistant to heating?  False

b) Happiatomia muodostaa kaksi kovalenttisista sidosta/ oxygen atoms can form two covalent bonds. True

c) Orgaaniset yhdisteet liukenevat hyvin veteen/ organic compounds dissolve well in water.  False

d) Orgaanisia yhdisteitä on noin 6000 erilaista/ there are approximately 6000 organic compounds.  False    

e) Orgaanisissa molekyyleissä on aina hiiliatomeja/ there are always carbon atoms in organic molecules. True

f) Orgaaisten ydisteiden palaessa syntyy hiilidioksidia ja vettä/ organic compounds burn/ combust to give carbon dioxide and water.  YEZ

302. Pirrä seuraavien ydisteiden molekyyli- ja rakennekaavat pallotikkumallien perusteella. Mustat pallot kuvaavat hiiliatomeja, valkoiset  vetyatomeja, siniset tyypiatomeja ja punaiset happiatomeja/  Draw the following ball models as structural formula and give the molecular formula. Black balls are carbon, white balls are hydrogen, blue balls are nitrogen and red balls are oxygen.

Carbon first, then hydrogen 

a) C2H6

b) CH4O 

c) C2H7N

303. Yhdistä molekyylikaava ja rakeenekaava /Draw the following in your book and connect the following molecular and structural formula.   

a- D c - E

b-     A          d- B

a-  

b- 

c- 

d-

304. Mitkä seuraavista aineista ovat orgaanisia yhdisteitä? Perustele/  which of the following molecules are organic? 

 305.  Mitkä seuraavista malleista esittävät samoja yhdisteitä?/ Which of the following models show the same compounds. 

Aine ja energia Homework questions.

In pairs read through pages 138- 142 of the aine ja energia book.

1. Which compounds are formed when organic compounds are burnt?

2. What are the characteristics shared by organic compounds

3. What carbon compounds are found in the earth, the air and in water bodies?

4. Complete the sentences

- organic compounds are ....

- there are so many organic compounds because...

- organic compounds include ....

-  organic compounds mainly consist of six elements, they are..

5. True or False discuss

- Raw materials of plastics include oil (petroleum). 

- All carbon compounds are organic compounds.   

- There are under 100,000 carbon compounds.  

- In organic compounds there are over 50 elements