SUN TZU BAT TE ART BE AKAAN

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The Art of War from the Gutenberg Project

SUN TZU BAT TE ART BE AKAAN TE OLDEST MILITARY TREATISE O'R TE WORLD Translated teh te Chinese de LIONEL GILES, M.A. (1910) [ ibic is te basic text be Sun Tzu bat te Art be akaan. bic was extracted teh Mr. Giles' ani borarir sa titled above. te commentary ast, meg, be course includes ibic borarir embedded within bic, has been released sa Project Gutenberg's eBook #132.] ni. LAYING PLANS 1. Sun Tzu said: te art be akaan is be vital kando at te State. 2. bic is a matter be life bal kyr'am, a goyust ebin at safety ra at ruin. Hence bic is a subject be inquiry meg liser bat nayc account cuyir neglected. 3. te art be akaan, then, is governed de rayshe'a constant factors, at cuyir taken lo account o'r one's deliberations, when seeking at determine te conditions obtaining o'r te field. 4. These are: (1) te Moral Law; (2) mar'eyce; (3) vheh; (4) te al'verde; (5) Method bal discipline. 5,6. te Moral Law causes te adate at cuyir o'r ani accord ti their ruler, so ibac val will shekemir him regardless be their lives, undismayed de any buruk. 7. mar'eyce signifies ca bal tuur, ciryc bal heat, times bal seasons. 8. vheh comprises distances, great bal kih; buruk bal security; open ground bal narrow passes; te chances be life bal kyr'am. 9. te al'verde stands par te virtues be wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage bal strictness. 10. de method bal discipline are at cuyir understood te marshaling be te akaan'ade o'r its proper subdivisions, te graduations be rank among te officers, te maintenance be roads de meg supplies may reach te akaan'ade, bal te control be military expenditure. 11. These rayshe'a heads should cuyir yaim'la at every general: kaysh Tion'ad knows them will cuyir parjir; kaysh Tion'ad knows them not will trattok'or. 12. Therefore, o'r gar deliberations, when seeking at determine te military conditions, let them cuyir made te basis be a comparison, o'r ibic wise:-- 13. (1) meg be te t'ad sovereigns is imbued ti te Moral law? (2) meg be te t'ad generals has most ability? (3) ti whom jahaatir te advantages derived teh mar'eyce bal vheh? (4) bat meg eso is discipline most rigorously enforced? (5) meg akaan'ade is dralshy'a? (6) bat meg eso are officers bal men more highly trained? (7) o'r meg akaan'ade is ogir te greater constancy bintar o'r reward bal punishment? 14. de means be these e'tad considerations ni liser forecast parjai ra kotir. 15. te general ibac hearkens at ner counsel bal acts upon bic, will conquer: let such a one cuyir retained o'r ke'gyce! te general ibac hearkens not at ner counsel nor acts upon bic, will suffer kotir:--let such a one cuyir dismissed! 16. vaal heading te profit be ner counsel, avail yourself also be any helpful circumstances jaon bal suum te ordinary rules. 17. According sa circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans. 18. an warfare is based bat deception. 19. Hence, when liser at jurkadir, vi enteyor seem unable; when using cuun trat'ade, vi enteyor seem inactive; when vi are pirebu, vi enteyor gotal'ur te aru'ela urmankalar vi are chaaj'yc be'chaaj; when chaaj'yc be'chaaj, vi enteyor gotal'ur him urmankalar vi are pirebu. 20. taylir out baits at entice te aru'ela. Feign disorder, bal crush him. 21. meh kaysh is morut'yc at an points, cuyir prepared par him. meh kaysh is o'r superior kot, evade him. 22. meh gar opponent is be choleric temper, seek at irritate him. Pretend at cuyir laandur, ibac kaysh may drashaar arrogant. 23. meh kaysh is taking kaysh ease, dinuir him nayc udes. meh kaysh trat'ade are solus, separate them. 24. jurkadir him vaii kaysh is unprepared, appear vaii gar are not expected. 25. These military devices, leading at parjai, enteyor not cuyir divulged beforehand. 26. jii te general Tion'ad wins a battle makes birov calculations o'r kaysh temple ere te battle is fought. te general Tion'ad loses a battle makes a' kisol calculations beforehand. Thus narir birov calculations alorir at parjai, bal kisol calculations at kotir: how much more nayc calculation at an! bic is de Ke'sush at ibic taap ibac ni liser foresee Tion'ad is likely at parjir ra lose. II. WAGING akaan 1. Sun Tzu said: o'r te operations be akaan, vaii ogir are o'r te field a ta'raysholan swift chariots, sa birov heavy chariots, bal a olan ta'raysholan mail-clad verde, ti provisions luubid at jorir them a ta'raysholan li, te expenditure at yaim bal at te front, including entertainment be guests, kih items such sa glue bal paint, bal sums spent bat chariots bal beskar'gam, will reach te ani be a ta'raysholan ounces be silver per tuur. Such is te cost be raising eyn akaan'ade be 100,000 men. 2. When gar engage o'r actual fighting, meh parjai is munit o'r coming, then men's besbe'trayce will drashaar dull bal their ardor will cuyir damped. meh gar lay siege at a town, gar will exhaust gar kot. 3. tug'yc, meh te campaign is protracted, te resources cuyir te State will not be equal at te strain. 4. jii, when gar besbe'trayce are dulled, gar ardor damped, gar kot exhausted bal gar treasure spent, ashi chieftains will spring laam at hibir advantage be gar extremity. Then nayc tratur, however wise, will cuyir liser at avert te consequences ibac enteyor ensue. 5. Thus, though vi ganar heard be di'kutla haste o'r akaan, cleverness has draar been seen associated ti munit delays. 6. ogir is nayc instance be a country having benefited teh prolonged warfare. 7. bic is shi one Tion'ad is thoroughly acquainted ti te evils be akaan ibac liser thoroughly suvarir te profitable way be carrying bic bat. 8. te skillful verd does not ba'jurir a second levy, neither are kaysh supply-wagons loaded more than twice. 9. Bring akaan material ti gar teh yaim, a' forage bat te aru'ela. Thus te akaan'ade will ganar kai'tome luubid par its needs. 10. ne'waadas be te State exchequer causes eyn akaan'ade at cuyir maintained de contributions teh a chaaj. Contributing at maintain eyn akaan'ade at a chaaj causes te adate at cuyir impoverished. 11. bat te ashi gaan, te proximity be eyn akaan'ade causes prices at slanar laam; bal high prices cause te people's loras at cuyir drained be'chaaj. 12. When their loras is drained be'chaaj, te peasantry will cuyir afflicted de heavy exactions. 13,14. ti ibic loss be loras bal exhaustion cuyir kot, te homes be te adate will be stripped bare, bal ehn-tenths cuyir their income will be dissipated; vaal government expenses par shuk'la chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates bal helmets, bows bal arrows, spears bal shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen bal heavy wagons, will amount at cuir-tenths be its ani revenue. 15. Hence a wise general makes a taap be foraging bat te aru'ela. One cartload be te enemy's provisions is equivalent at ad'eta be one's own, bal likewise a single picul be kaysh provender is equivalent at ad'eta teh one's own store. 16. jii o'r ke'gyce at kyr'amur te aru'ela, cuun men enteyor cuyir roused at anger; ibac ogir may cuyir advantage teh defeating te aru'ela, val enteyor ganar their rewards. 17. Therefore o'r chariot fighting, when ta'raysh ra more chariots ganar been taken, those should cuyir rewarded Tion'ad took te maan. cuun own flags should cuyir substituted par those be te aru'ela, bal te chariots mingled bal used o'r conjunction ti Mhor. te captured verde should cuyir kindly treated bal kept. 18. ibic is called, using te conquered foe at augment one's own kot. 19. o'r akaan, then, let gar great object cuyir parjai, not lengthy campaigns. 20. Thus bic may cuyir known ibac te alor be armies is te arbiter be te people's fate, te tratur bat whom bic depends whether te nation shall cuyir o'r naak ra o'r peril. III. jurkadir de STRATAGEM 1. Sun Tzu said: o'r te practical art be akaan, te jatne thing be an is at hibir te enemy's country whole bal intact; at shatter bal naastar bic is not so jate. So, too, bic is jate'shya at recapture eyn akaan'ade entire than at naastar bic, at mircir a regiment, a detachment ra a ol'averde entire than at naastar them. 2. Hence at akaanir bal conquer o'r an gar battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists o'r breaking te enemy's resistance ures fighting. 3. Thus te highest form be generalship is at balk te enemy's plans; te projor jatne is at prevent te junction be te enemy's trat'ade; te projor o'r ke'gyce is at jurkadir te enemy's akaan'ade o'r te field; bal te dushne policy be an is at besiege walled cities. 4. te rule is, not at besiege walled cities meh bic liser possibly cuyir avoided. te preparation be mantlets, movable shelters, bal various implements be akaan, will hibir laam ehn whole months; bal te piling laam be mounds jaon against te walls will hibir ehn months more. 5. te general, unable at control kaysh irritation, will launch kaysh men at te jurkad emuurir swarming ants, ti te result ibac one-third be kaysh men are slain, vaal te town su remains untaken. Such are te disastrous effects be a siege. 6. Therefore te skillful alor subdues te enemy's troops ures any fighting; kaysh captures their cities ures laying siege at them; kaysh overthrows their kingdom ures lengthy operations o'r te field. 7. ti kaysh trat'ade intact kaysh will dispute te mastery be te Empire, bal thus, ures losing a tratur, kaysh triumph will cuyir ani. ibic is te method be attacking de stratagem. 8. bic is te rule o'r akaan, meh cuun trat'ade are ta'raysh at te enemy's one, at surround him; meh rayshe'a at one, at jurkadir him; meh twice sa numerous, at divide cuun akaan'ade lo t'ad. 9. meh equally matched, vi liser offer battle; meh slightly inferior o'r numbers, vi liser avoid te aru'ela; meh quite unequal o'r every way, vi liser eyaytir teh him. 10. Hence, though eyn obstinate akaanir may cuyir made de a kih force, o'r te kyr bic enteyor cuyir captured de te larger force. 11. jii te general is te bulwark be te State; meh te bulwark is ani at an points; te State will cuyir dral; meh te bulwark is defective, te State will cuyir laandur. 12. ogir are ehn ways o'r meg a ruler liser bring misfortune upon kaysh akaan'ade:-- 13. (1) de commanding te akaan'ade at advance ra at tok'kad, being ignorant be te fact ibac bic cannot obey. ibic is called hobbling te akaan'ade. 14. (2) de attempting at govern eyn akaan'ade o'r te arasuumir way sa kaysh administers a kingdom, being ignorant be te conditions meg obtain o'r eyn akaan'ade. ibic causes restlessness o'r te soldier's minds. 15. (3) de employing te officers be kaysh akaan'ade ures discrimination, adol ignorance be te military principle be adaptation at circumstances. ibic shakes te confidence be te verde. 16. a' when te akaan'ade is restless bal distrustful, trouble is sure at olaror teh te ashi feudal princes. ibic is simply bringing anarchy lo te akaan'ade, bal flinging parjai be'chaaj. 17. Thus vi may kar'taylir ibac ogir are rayshe'a essentials par parjai: (1) kaysh will parjir Tion'ad knows when at akaanir bal when not at akaanir. (2) kaysh will parjir Tion'ad knows how at handle bintar superior bal inferior trat'ade. (3) kaysh will parjir whose akaan'ade is animated de te arasuumir spirit dola an its ranks. (4) kaysh will parjir Tion'ad, prepared himself, waits at hibir te aru'ela unprepared. (5) kaysh will parjir Tion'ad has military capacity bal is not interfered ti de te sovereign. 18. Hence te saying: meh gar kar'taylir te aru'ela bal kar'taylir yourself, gar linibar not chaabar te result be a olan battles. meh gar kar'taylir yourself a' not te aru'ela, par every parjai gained gar will also suffer a kotir. meh gar kar'taylir neither te aru'ela nor yourself, gar will succumb o'r every battle. IV. TACTICAL DISPOSITIONS 1. Sun Tzu said: te jate fighters be ruug'la maan naritir themselves suum te possibility be kotir, bal then waited par eyn balac be defeating te aru'ela. 2. at morut'yc ourselves against kotir lies o'r cuun own hands, a' te balac be defeating te aru'ela is provided de te aru'ela himself. 3. Thus te jate fighter is liser at morut'yc himself against kotir, a' cannot gotal'ur certain be defeating te aru'ela. 4. Hence te saying: One may kar'taylir how at conquer ures being liser at narir bic. 5. Security against kotir implies defensive tactics; ability at kotir te aru'ela means taking te offensive. 6. Standing bat te defensive indicates insufficient kot; attacking, a superabundance be kot. 7. te general Tion'ad is skilled o'r defense hides o'r te most ranov'la recesses be te vheh; kaysh Tion'ad is skilled o'r jurkadir flashes forth teh te topmost heights be mar'eyce. Thus bat te one gaan vi ganar ability at protect ourselves; bat te ashi, a parjai ibac is ani. 8. at haa'taylir parjai shi when bic is within te ken be te common herd is not te acme be excellence. 9. Neither is bic te acme be excellence meh gar akaanir bal conquer bal te whole Empire says, " jahaala done!" 10. at lift eyn autumn gemas is nayc sign be great kot; at haa'taylir te sun bal me'suum'ika is nayc sign be kad'la sight; at hear te noise be orar is nayc sign be a quick ear. 11. meg te ancients called a mirdala fighter is one Tion'ad not shi wins, a' excels o'r winning ti ease. 12. Hence kaysh victories bring him neither reputation par wisdom nor credit par courage. 13. kaysh wins kaysh battles de making nayc mistakes. Making nayc mistakes is meg establishes te certainty be parjai, par bic means conquering eyn aru'ela ibac is already defeated. 14. Hence te skillful fighter puts himself lo a taap meg makes kotir impossible, bal does not miss te moment par defeating te aru'ela. 15. Thus bic is ibac o'r akaan te parjir strategist shi seeks battle after te parjai has been won, whereas kaysh Tion'ad is destined at kotir maan fights bal afterwards looks par parjai. 16. te consummate alor cultivates te moral law, bal strictly adheres at method bal discipline; thus bic is o'r kaysh power at control success. 17. o'r respect be military method, vi ganar, firstly, Measurement; secondly, Estimation be quantity; thirdly, Calculation; fourthly, Balancing be chances; fifthly, parjai. 18. Measurement owes its existence at vheh; Estimation be quantity at Measurement; Calculation at Estimation be quantity; Balancing be chances at Calculation; bal parjai at Balancing be chances. 19. A parjir akaan'ade opposed at a routed one, is sa a pound's kando placed o'r te scale against a single grain. 20. te onrush be a conquering force is emuurir te bursting be pent- laam waters lo a chasm a ta'raysholan fathoms deep. V. ENERGY 1. Sun Tzu said: te control be a large force is te arasuumir principle sa te control be a kisol men: bic is merely a tionir be dividing laam their numbers. 2. Fighting ti a large akaan'ade chur gar ke'gyce is nowise different teh fighting ti a kih one: bic is merely a tionir be instituting signs bal signals. 3. at ensure ibac gar whole host may withstand te brunt be te enemy's jurkadir bal remain unshaken-- ibic is effected de maneuvers direct bal indirect. 4. ibac te impact cuyir gar akaan'ade may be emuurir a grindstone dashed against eyn egg-- ibic is effected de te science be laandur points bal dral. 5. o'r an fighting, te direct method may cuyir used par joining battle, a' indirect methods will cuyir needed o'r ke'gyce at morut'yc parjai. 6. Indirect tactics, efficiently applied, are inexhaustible sa mar'eyce bal vheh, unending sa te flow be rivers bal streams; emuurir te sun bal me'suum'ika, val kyr a' at begin anew; emuurir te cuir seasons, val spirba be'chaaj at yaim'ol once more. 7. ogir are not more than rayshe'a musical notes, su te combinations be these rayshe'a dinuir rise at more melodies than liser vurel cuyir heard. 8. ogir are not more than rayshe'a primary alii'gai ( kebiin, shi'yayc, ge'tal, jiriad, bal ne'tra), su o'r combination val produce more hues than liser vurel been seen. 9. ogir are not more than rayshe'a cardinal tastes (sour, acrid, salt, sweet, bitter), su combinations cuyir them yield more flavors than liser vurel be tasted. 10. o'r battle, ogir are not more than t'ad methods be jurkadir-- te direct bal te indirect; su these t'ad o'r combination dinuir rise at eyn endless series be maneuvers. 11. te direct bal te indirect alorir bat at solus ashi o'r turn. bic is emuurir moving o'r a circle-- gar draar olaror at eyn kyr. Tion'ad liser exhaust te possibilities be their combination? 12. te onset be troops is emuurir te rush be a torrent meg will even roll stones along o'r its course. 13. te quality be decision is emuurir te jahaala-timed swoop be a falcon meg enables bic at nynir bal naastar its victim. 14. Therefore te jate fighter will cuyir terrible o'r kaysh onset, bal prompt o'r kaysh decision. 15. Energy may cuyir likened at te bending be a crossbow; decision, at te releasing be a trigger. 16. Amid te turmoil bal tumult be battle, ogir may cuyir seeming disorder bal su nayc veman disorder at an; amid confusion bal chaos, gar yilad may cuyir ures kovid ra tail, su bic will cuyir proof against kotir. 17. Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline, simulated chaabar postulates courage; simulated weakness postulates kot. 18. Hiding ke'gyce beneath te cloak be disorder is simply a tionir be subdivision; concealing courage chur a show be timidity presupposes a fund be latent energy; masking kot ti weakness is at cuyir effected de tactical dispositions. 19. Thus one Tion'ad is skillful at keeping te aru'ela bat te nari maintains deceitful appearances, according at meg te aru'ela will nari. kaysh sacrifices something, ibac te aru'ela may snatch at bic. 20. de holding out baits, kaysh keeps him bat te taabir; then ti a baar be picked men kaysh lies o'r parer par him. 21. te mirdala combatant looks at te effect be combined energy, bal does not require too much teh individuals. Hence kaysh ability at pick out te serimir men bal utilize combined energy. 22. When kaysh utilizes combined energy, kaysh fighting men become sa bic were emuurir unto rolling logs ra stones. par bic is te nature be a log ra choruk at remain nushaad'la bat kajil ground, bal at nari when bat a slope; meh cuir-cornered, at olaror at a standstill, a' meh round-shaped, at slanar rolling daab. 23. Thus te energy developed de jate fighting men is sa te momentum be a round choruk rolled daab a cerar thousands be feet o'r munad. So much bat te subject be energy. VI. laandur POINTS bal dral 1. Sun Tzu said: Whoever is maan o'r te field bal awaits te coming cuyir te aru'ela, will be fresh par te akaanir; whoever is second o'r te field bal has at hasten at battle will olaror exhausted. 2. Therefore te mirdala combatant imposes kaysh will bat te aru'ela, a' does not duumir te enemy's will at cuyir imposed bat him. 3. de holding out advantages at him, kaysh liser cause te aru'ela at ara'novor be kaysh own accord; ra, de inflicting damage, kaysh liser gotal'ur bic impossible par te aru'ela at draw pirebu. 4. meh te aru'ela is taking kaysh ease, kaysh liser harass him; meh jahaala supplied ti kai'tome, kaysh liser starve him out; meh quietly encamped, kaysh liser force him at nari. 5. Appear at points meg te aru'ela enteyor hasten at ara'novor; taabir swiftly at places vaii gar are not expected. 6. eyn akaan'ade may taabir great distances ures distress, meh bic marches adol country vaii te aru'ela is not. 7. gar liser cuyir sure be succeeding o'r gar attacks meh gar shi jurkadir places meg are undefended. gar liser ensure te safety be gar defense meh gar shi taylir positions ibac cannot cuyir attacked. 8. Hence ibac general is skillful o'r jurkadir whose opponent does not kar'taylir meg at ara'novor; bal kaysh is skillful o'r defense whose opponent does not kar'taylir meg at jurkadir. 9. O divine art be subtlety bal secrecy! adol gar vi hibirar at cuyir invisible, adol gar inaudible; bal hence vi liser taylir te enemy's fate o'r cuun hands. 10. gar may advance bal cuyir absolutely irresistible, meh gar gotal'ur par te enemy's laandur points; gar may retire bal cuyir morut'yc teh pursuit meh gar movements are more rapid than those be te aru'ela. 11. meh vi vercopaanir at akaanir, te aru'ela liser cuyir forced at eyn engagement even though kaysh cuyir sheltered behind a high rampart bal a deep ditch. an vi linibar narir is jurkadir some ashi naritir ibac kaysh will cuyir enteyor at relieve. 12. meh vi narir not vercopaanir at akaanir, vi liser prevent te aru'ela teh engaging us even though te lines cuyir cuun encampment be merely traced out bat te ground. an vi linibar narir is at goorar something odd bal unaccountable o'r kaysh way. 13. de discovering te enemy's dispositions bal remaining invisible ourselves, vi liser taylir cuun trat'ade concentrated, vaal te enemy's enteyor cuyir divided. 14. vi liser form a single solus baar, vaal te aru'ela enteyor split laam lo fractions. Hence ogir will cuyir a whole pitted against separate parts be a whole, meg means ibac vi shall cuyir birov at te enemy's kisol. 15. bal meh vi are liser thus at jurkadir eyn inferior force ti a superior one, cuun opponents will cuyir o'r dire straits. 16. te spot vaii vi intend at akaanir enteyor not cuyir made known; par then te aru'ela will ganar at prepare against a ret'yc jurkadir at several different points; bal kaysh trat'ade being thus distributed o'r birov directions, te numbers vi shall ganar at troan at any given taap will cuyir proportionately kisol. 17. par should te aru'ela strengthen kaysh van, kaysh will weaken kaysh shebs; should kaysh strengthen kaysh shebs, kaysh will weaken kaysh van; should kaysh strengthen kaysh payt, kaysh will weaken kaysh serimir; should kaysh strengthen kaysh serimir, kaysh will weaken kaysh payt. meh kaysh sends reinforcements gayiyla, kaysh will gayiyla cuyir laandur. 18. Numerical weakness comes teh having at prepare against ret'yc attacks; numerical kot, teh compelling cuun adversary at gotal'ur these preparations against us. 19. Knowing te naritir bal te ca'nara be te coming battle, vi may sur'ar teh te greatest distances o'r ke'gyce at akaanir. 20. a' meh neither ca'nara nor naritir cuyir known, then te payt wing will cuyir impotent at succor te serimir, te serimir equally impotent at succor te payt, te van unable at relieve te shebs, ra te shebs at support te van. How much more so meh te furthest portions be te akaan'ade are anything chur a olan LI dar'tome, bal even te nearest are dar'tome de several LI! 21. Though according at ner ge'solehtar te verde be Yueh exceed cuun own o'r number, ibac shall advantage them naas o'r te matter be parjai. ni say then ibac parjai liser cuyir achieved. 22. Though te aru'ela cuyir dralshy'a o'r numbers, vi may prevent him teh fighting. Scheme so sa at mar'eyir kaysh plans bal te likelihood be their success. 23. Rouse him, bal hibirar te principle be kaysh activity ra inactivity. Force him at reveal himself, so sa at mar'eyir out kaysh solus spots. 24. Carefully compare te opposing akaan'ade ti gar own, so ibac gar may kar'taylir vaii kot is superabundant bal vaii bic is deficient. 25. o'r making tactical dispositions, te highest pitch gar liser attain is at conceal them; conceal gar dispositions, bal gar will cuyir morut'yc teh te prying be te subtlest spies, teh te machinations be te wisest brains. 26. How parjai may cuyir produced par them out be te enemy's own tactics-- ibac is meg te multitude cannot comprehend. 27. an men liser haa'taylir te tactics whereby ni conquer, a' meg naasad liser haa'taylir is te strategy out be meg parjai is evolved. 28. narir not tatugir te tactics meg ganar gained gar one parjai, a' let gar methods cuyir regulated de te infinite variety be circumstances. 29. Military tactics are emuurir unto pirun; par pirun o'r its natural course runs be'chaaj teh high places bal hastens downwards. 30. So o'r akaan, te way is at avoid meg is dral bal at nynir at meg is laandur. 31. pirun shapes its course according at te nature be te ground jaon meg bic flows; te verd works out kaysh parjai o'r relation at te foe whom kaysh is facing. 32. Therefore, shi sa pirun retains nayc constant shape, so o'r warfare ogir are nayc constant conditions. 33. kaysh Tion'ad liser modify kaysh tactics o'r relation at kaysh opponent bal thereby succeed o'r winning, may cuyir called a mar'eyce-born alor'ad. 34. te rayshe'a elements ( pirun, tracyn, shaap, metal, vheh) are not always equally predominant; te cuir seasons gotal'ur way par solus ashi o'r turn. ogir are skotah days bal munit; te me'suum'ika has its periods be waning bal waxing. VII. MANEUVERING 1. Sun Tzu said: o'r akaan, te general receives kaysh commands teh te sovereign. 2. Having collected eyn akaan'ade bal concentrated kaysh trat'ade, kaysh enteyor blend bal harmonize te different elements thereof before pitching kaysh camp. 3. After ibac, comes tactical maneuvering, than meg ogir is naas more umaan. te difficulty be tactical maneuvering consists o'r turning te devious lo te direct, bal misfortune lo gain. 4. Thus, at hibir a munit bal circuitous route, after enticing te aru'ela out be te way, bal though starting after him, at contrive at reach te goal before him, shows knowledge be te artifice be DEVIATION. 5. Maneuvering ti eyn akaan'ade is advantageous; ti eyn undisciplined multitude, most burk'yc. 6. meh gar set a fully equipped akaan'ade o'r taabir o'r ke'gyce at snatch eyn advantage, te chances are ibac gar will cuyir too late. bat te ashi gaan, at detach a flying column par te purpose involves te sacrifice be its baggage bal stores. 7. Thus, meh gar ke'gyce gar men at roll laam their buff-coats, bal gotal'ur forced marches ures halting tuur ra ca, covering double te usual chaaj at a stretch, doing a olan LI o'r ke'gyce at wrest eyn advantage, te leaders be an gar ehn divisions will trattok'or lo te hands be te aru'ela. 8. te dralshy'a men will cuyir o'r front, te jaded ones will trattok'or behind, bal bat ibic dajunar shi one-tenth be gar akaan'ade will reach its destination. 9. meh gar taabir she'eta LI o'r ke'gyce at outmaneuver te aru'ela, gar will lose te alor be gar maan division, bal shi ge'sol gar force will reach te goal. 10. meh gar taabir ehn'eta LI ti te arasuumir object, t'ad-thirds be gar akaan'ade will olaror. 11. vi may hibir bic then ibac eyn akaan'ade ures its baggage-train is echoy'la; ures provisions bic is echoy'la; ures bases be supply bic is echoy'la. 12. vi cannot enter lo alliances kay vi are acquainted ti te designs be cuun neighbors. 13. vi are not fit at alorir eyn akaan'ade bat te taabir unless vi are yaim'la ti te troan be te country--its mountains bal forests, its pitfalls bal precipices, its marshes bal swamps. 14. vi shall cuyir unable at turn natural advantage at account unless vi gotal'ur use be yaim'la guides. 15. o'r akaan, practice dissimulation, bal gar will succeed. 16. Whether at sur'ar ra at divide gar troops, enteyor cuyir decided de circumstances. 17. Let gar rapidity cuyir ibac be te woor, gar compactness ibac be te forest. 18. o'r raiding bal plundering cuyir emuurir tracyn, is immovability emuurir a cerar. 19. Let gar plans cuyir dha bal impenetrable sa ca, bal when gar nari, trattok'or emuurir a thunderbolt. 20. When gar plunder a countryside, let te spoil cuyir divided amongst gar men; when gar mircir evaar'la territory, hokaanir bic laam lo allotments par te riye be te soldiery. 21. Ponder bal deliberate before gar gotal'ur a nari. 22. kaysh will conquer Tion'ad has learnt te artifice be deviation. Such is te art be maneuvering. 23. te Book be akaan'ade Management says: bat te field be battle, te spoken miit does not jorir chaaj'yc luubid: hence te institution be gongs bal drums. Nor liser ordinary objects cuyir seen clearly luubid: hence te institution be banners bal flags. 24. Gongs bal drums, banners bal flags, are means whereby te ears bal eyes cuyir te host may be focused bat one particular taap. 25. te host thus forming a single solus baar, is bic impossible ebin par te brave at advance solus, ra par te cowardly at tok'kad solus. ibic is te art be handling large masses be men. 26. o'r ca-fighting, then, gotal'ur much use be naumiit-fires bal drums, bal o'r fighting de tuur, be flags bal banners, sa a means be influencing te ears bal eyes be gar akaan'ade. 27. A whole akaan'ade may cuyir robbed be its spirit; a al'verde- o'r- alor may cuyir robbed be kaysh presence be mind. 28. jii a soldier's spirit is keenest o'r te vaar'tur; de noonday bic has begun at alii'gai; bal o'r te ge'catra, kaysh mind is bent shi bat returning at camp. 29. A mirdala general, therefore, avoids eyn akaan'ade when its spirit is keen, a' attacks bic when bic is sluggish bal inclined at yaim'ol. ibic is te art be studying moods. 30. Disciplined bal calm, at await te appearance be disorder bal hubbub amongst te aru'ela:-- ibic is te art be retaining self-possession. 31. at cuyir pirebu te goal vaal te aru'ela is su chaaj'yc teh bic, at parer at ease vaal te aru'ela is toiling bal struggling, at cuyir jahaala-fed vaal te aru'ela is famished:-- ibic is te art be husbanding one's kot. 32. at refrain teh intercepting eyn aru'ela whose banners are o'r perfect ke'gyce, at refrain teh attacking eyn akaan'ade drawn laam o'r calm bal confident yilad:-- ibic is te art be studying circumstances. 33. bic is a military axiom not at advance uphill against te aru'ela, nor at oppose him when kaysh comes downhill. 34. narir not pursue eyn aru'ela Tion'ad simulates flight; narir not jurkadir verde whose temper is keen. 35. narir not swallow jekai offered de te aru'ela. narir not interfere ti eyn akaan'ade ibac is returning yaim. 36. When gar surround eyn akaan'ade, ba'slanar eyn outlet mav. narir not press a aikiyc foe too muun. 37. Such is te art be warfare. VIII. VARIATION o'r TACTICS 1. Sun Tzu said: o'r akaan, te general receives kaysh commands teh te sovereign, collects kaysh akaan'ade bal concentrates kaysh trat'ade 2. When o'r umaan country, narir not encamp. o'r country vaii high roads doslanir, to hands ti gar allies. narir not linger o'r dangerously isolated positions. o'r hemmed- o'r situations, gar enteyor resort at stratagem. o'r aikiyc taap, gar enteyor akaanir. 3. ogir are roads meg enteyor not cuyir followed, armies meg enteyor cuyir not attacked, towns meg enteyor not cuyir ramorla, positions meg enteyor not cuyir contested, commands cuyir te sovereign meg enteyor not be obeyed. 4. te general Tion'ad thoroughly understands te advantages ibac accompany variation be tactics knows how at handle kaysh troops. 5. te general Tion'ad does not suvarir these, may cuyir jahaala acquainted ti te configuration be te country, su kaysh will not cuyir liser at turn kaysh knowledge at practical account. 6. So, te student be akaan Tion'ad is unversed o'r te art cuyir akaan be varying kaysh plans, even though kaysh be acquainted ti te rayshe'a Advantages, will trattok'or at gotal'ur te jatne use be kaysh men. 7. Hence o'r te wise leader's plans, considerations be advantage bal cuyir disadvantage will be blended tome. 8. meh cuun expectation cuyir advantage be tempered o'r ibic way, vi may succeed o'r accomplishing te essential part be cuun schemes. 9. meh, bat te ashi gaan, o'r te midst be difficulties vi are always ready at shereshir eyn advantage, vi may extricate ourselves teh misfortune. 10. Reduce te aru'ela chiefs de inflicting damage bat them; bal gotal'ur trouble par them, bal taylir them constantly engaged; taylir out specious allurements, bal gotal'ur them rush at any given taap. 11. te art be akaan teaches us at rely not bat te likelihood be te enemy's not coming, a' bat cuun own readiness at receive him; not bat te chance be kaysh not attacking, a' rather bat te fact ibac vi ganar made cuun taap unassailable. 12. ogir are rayshe'a burk'yc faults meg may affect a general: (1) Recklessness, meg leads at destruction; (2) cowardice, meg leads at mircir; (3) a hasty temper, meg liser cuyir provoked de insults; (4) a delicacy be ijaat meg is sensitive at shame; (5) jaon-solicitude par kaysh men, meg exposes him at worry bal trouble. 13. These are te rayshe'a besetting sins be a general, ruinous at te conduct be akaan. 14. When eyn akaan'ade is overthrown bal its alor slain, te cause will surely cuyir found among these rayshe'a burk'yc faults. Let them cuyir a subject be meditation. IX. te akaan'ade bat te taabir 1. Sun Tzu said: vi olaror jii at te tionir be encamping te akaan'ade, bal observing signs be te aru'ela. spirba quickly jaon mountains, bal taylir o'r te neighborhood be valleys. 2. Camp o'r high places, facing te sun. narir not climb heights o'r ke'gyce at akaanir. So much par cerar warfare. 3. After crossing a river, gar should get chaaj'yc be'chaaj teh bic. 4. When eyn invading force crosses a river o'r its onward taabir, narir not advance at urcir bic o'r mid-stream. bic will cuyir jatne at let ge'sol te akaan'ade get dos, bal then deliver gar jurkadir. 5. meh gar are anxious at akaanir, gar should not slanar at urcir te invader pirebu a river meg kaysh has at doslanir. 6. Moor gar craft higher laam than te aru'ela, bal facing te sun. narir not nari laam-stream at urcir te aru'ela. So much par river warfare. 7. o'r crossing salt-marshes, gar sole concern should cuyir at get jaon them quickly, ures any delay. 8. meh forced at akaanir o'r a salt-marsh, gar should ganar pirun bal grass pirebu gar, bal get gar norac at a clump be trees. So much par operations o'r salt-marches. 9. o'r dry, kajil country, hibir laam eyn easily accessible taap ti rising ground at gar serimir bal bat gar shebs, so ibac te buruk may cuyir o'r front, bal safety jahaatir behind. So much par campaigning o'r kajil country. 10. These are te cuir pirimmuy branches be military knowledge meg enabled te shi'yayc Emperor at vanquish cuir several sovereigns. 11. an armies jatne emuurir high ground at diryc bal tranyc places at dha. 12. meh gar are careful be gar men, bal camp bat muun ground, te akaan'ade will cuyir mav teh disease be every kind, bal ibic will spell parjai. 13. When gar olaror at a hill ra a bank, occupy te tranyc eso, ti te slope bat gar serimir shebs. Thus gar will at once nari par te riye be gar verde bal utilize te natural advantages be te ground. 14. When, o'r consequence be heavy rains laam-country, a river meg gar vercopaanir at ford is swollen bal flecked ti foam, gar enteyor parer kay bic subsides. 15. Country o'r meg ogir are precipitous cliffs ti torrents running between, deep natural hollows, confined places, tangled thickets, quagmires bal crevasses, should cuyir payt ti an ret'yc iviin bal not approached. 16. vaal vi taylir be'chaaj teh such places, vi should get te aru'ela at ara'novor them; vaal vi troan them, vi should let te aru'ela ganar them bat kaysh shebs. 17. meh o'r te neighborhood be gar camp ogir should cuyir any hilly country, ponds surrounded de aquatic grass, hollow basins filled ti reeds, ra woods ti thick undergrowth, val enteyor cuyir carefully routed out bal searched; par these are places vaii men o'r jehavey'ir ra insidious spies are likely at cuyir lurking. 18. When te aru'ela is close at gaan bal remains quiet, kaysh is relying bat te natural kot be kaysh taap. 19. When kaysh keeps aloof bal tries at provoke a battle, kaysh is anxious par te ashi eso at advance. 20. meh kaysh naritir be encampment is pakod be access, kaysh is tendering a jekai. 21. Movement amongst te trees be a forest shows ibac te aru'ela is advancing. te appearance be a number be screens o'r te midst be thick grass means ibac te aru'ela wants at gotal'ur us suspicious. 22. te rising be birds o'r their flight is te sign be eyn ambuscade. Startled beasts indicate ibac a sudden jurkadir is coming. 23. When ogir is vheh rising o'r a high column, bic is te sign be chariots advancing; when te vheh is diryc, a' gayiylir jaon a wide veeray, bic betokens te ara'novor be trat'aab. When bic branches out o'r different directions, bic shows ibac parties ganar been sent at collect firewood. A kisol clouds be vheh moving at bal fro signify ibac te akaan'ade is encamping. 24. Humble words bal increased preparations are signs ibac te aru'ela is about at advance. Violent language bal driving forward sa meh at te jurkadir are signs ibac kaysh will tok'kad. 25. When te light chariots olaror out maan bal hibir laam a taap bat te wings, bic is a sign ibac te aru'ela is forming par battle. 26. naak proposals unaccompanied de a sworn covenant indicate a dajunar. 27. When ogir is much running about bal te verde trattok'or lo rank, bic means ibac te critical moment has olaror. 28. When some are seen advancing bal some retreating, bic is a lure. 29. When te verde motir leaning bat their spears, val are faint teh copaanir be kai'tome. 30. meh those Tion'ad are sent at draw pirun begin de drinking themselves, te akaan'ade is suffering teh thirst. 31. meh te aru'ela sees eyn advantage at cuyir gained bal makes nayc effort at morut'yc bic, te verde are exhausted. 32. meh birds joruur bat any spot, bic is unoccupied. Clamor de ca betokens nervousness. 33. meh ogir is disturbance o'r te camp, te general's authority is laandur. meh te banners bal flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot. meh te officers are angry, bic means ibac te men are weary. 34. When eyn akaan'ade feeds its horses ti grain bal kills its cattle par kai'tome, bal when te men narir not hang their cooking-pots jaon te camp-fires, showing ibac val will not yaim'ol at their tents, gar may kar'taylir ibac val are determined at akaanir at te kyr'am. 35. te sight be men whispering tome o'r kih knots ra speaking o'r subdued tones points at disaffection amongst te rank bal file. 36. Too frequent rewards signify ibac te aru'ela is at te kyr be kaysh resources; too birov punishments betray a condition be dire distress. 37. at begin de bluster, a' afterwards at hibir fright at te enemy's numbers, shows a supreme lack be intelligence. 38. When envoys are sent ti compliments o'r their mouths, bic is a sign ibac te aru'ela wishes par a truce. 39. meh te enemy's troops taabir laam angrily bal remain facing Mhor par a munit ca'nara ures ebin joining battle ra taking themselves off tug'yc, te situation is one ibac demands great vigilance bal circumspection. 40. meh cuun troops are nayc more o'r number than te aru'ela, ibac is amply sufficient; bic shi means ibac nayc direct jurkadir liser cuyir made. meg vi liser narir is simply at sur'ar an cuun available kot, taylir a close watch bat te aru'ela, bal obtain reinforcements. 41. kaysh Tion'ad exercises nayc forethought a' makes light cuyir kaysh opponents is sure at be captured de them. 42. meh verde are punished before val ganar grown attached at gar, val will not prove submissive; bal, unless submissive, then will cuyir practically di'kutla. meh, when te verde ganar become attached at gar, punishments are not enforced, val will su cuyir di'kutla. 43. Therefore verde enteyor cuyir treated o'r te maan instance ti humanity, a' kept chur control de means be beskar discipline. ibic is a certain goyust at parjai. 44. meh o'r training verde commands are habitually enforced, te akaan'ade will cuyir jahaala-disciplined; meh not, its discipline will cuyir dush. 45. meh a general shows confidence o'r kaysh men a' always insists bat kaysh orders being obeyed, te gain will cuyir mutual. X. TERRAIN 1. Sun Tzu said: vi may distinguish resol kinds be terrain, at wit: (1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling ground; (3) temporizing ground; (4) narrow passes; (5) precipitous heights; (6) positions at a great chaaj teh te aru'ela. 2. Ground meg liser cuyir freely traversed de bintar sides is called accessible. 3. ti regard at ground cuyir ibic nature, be before te aru'ela o'r occupying te raised bal tranyc spots, bal carefully aran gar briik be supplies. Then gar will cuyir liser at akaanir ti advantage. 4. Ground meg liser cuyir abandoned a' is muun at re-occupy is called entangling. 5. teh a taap be ibic sort, meh te aru'ela is unprepared, gar may sally forth bal kotir him. a' meh te aru'ela is prepared par gar coming, bal gar trattok'or at kotir him, then, yaim'ol being impossible, shu'shuk will ensue. 6. When te taap is such ibac neither eso will gain de making te maan nari, bic is called temporizing ground. 7. o'r a taap be ibic sort, even though te aru'ela should offer us eyn attractive jekai, bic will cuyir advisable not at stir forth, a' rather at tok'kad, thus enticing te aru'ela o'r kaysh turn; then, when part be kaysh akaan'ade has olaror out, vi may deliver cuun jurkadir ti advantage. 8. ti regard at narrow passes, meh gar liser occupy them maan, let them cuyir strongly garrisoned bal await te advent be te aru'ela. 9. Should te akaan'ade forestall gar o'r occupying a spirba, narir not slanar after him meh te spirba is fully garrisoned, a' shi meh bic is weakly garrisoned. 10. ti regard at precipitous heights, meh gar are beforehand ti gar adversary, gar should occupy te raised bal tranyc spots, bal ogir parer par him at olaror laam. 11. meh te aru'ela has occupied them before gar, narir not shekemir him, a' tok'kad bal kebbur at entice him be'chaaj. 12. meh gar are situated at a great chaaj teh te aru'ela, bal te kot be te t'ad armies is equal, bic is not pakod at provoke a battle, bal fighting will cuyir at gar disadvantage. 13. These resol are te principles connected ti vheh. te general Tion'ad has attained a responsible post enteyor cuyir careful at study them. 14. jii eyn akaan'ade is exposed at resol several calamities, not arising teh natural causes, a' teh faults par meg te general is responsible. These are: (1) Flight; (2) insubordination; (3) trattok'or; (4) ruin; (5) disorganization; (6) rout. 15. ashi conditions being equal, meh one force is hurled against another ta'raysh times its size, te result will cuyir te flight be te former. 16. When te common verde are too dral bal their officers too laandur, te result is insubordination. When te officers are too dral bal te common verde too laandur, te result is trattok'or. 17. When te higher officers are angry bal insubordinate, bal bat meeting te aru'ela dinuir battle bat their own account teh a feeling be resentment, before te al'verde- o'r- alor liser rejorhaa'ir whether ra not kaysh is o'r a taap at akaanir, te result is ruin. 18. When te general is laandur bal ures authority; when kaysh orders are not utreyar bal distinct; when ogir are nayc fixes duties assigned at officers bal men, bal te ranks are formed o'r a slovenly haphazard manner, te result is utter disorganization. 19. When a general, unable at ge'solehtar te enemy's kot, allows eyn inferior force at engage a larger one, ra hurls a laandur detachment against a dral one, bal neglects at naritir picked verde o'r te front rank, te result enteyor cuyir rout. 20. These are resol ways be courting kotir, meg enteyor cuyir carefully noted de te general Tion'ad has attained a responsible post. 21. te natural paru be te country is te soldier's jatne tomad; a' a power be estimating te adversary, be controlling te trat'ade be parjai, bal be shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers bal distances, constitutes te test be a great general. 22. kaysh Tion'ad knows these kebise, bal o'r fighting puts kaysh knowledge lo practice, will parjir kaysh battles. kaysh Tion'ad knows them not, nor practices them, will surely cuyir defeated. 23. meh fighting is sure at result o'r parjai, then gar enteyor akaanir, even though te ruler forbid bic; meh fighting will not result o'r parjai, then gar enteyor not akaanir even at te ruler's bidding. 24. te general Tion'ad advances ures coveting fame bal retreats ures fearing disgrace, whose shi thought is at protect kaysh country bal narir jate service par kaysh sovereign, is te jewel be te kingdom. 25. Regard gar verde sa gar ade, bal val will shekemir gar lo te deepest valleys; look upon them sa gar own cyare ade, bal val will motir de gar even unto kyr'am. 26. meh, however, gar are indulgent, a' unable at gotal'ur gar authority felt; kind-hearted, a' unable at enforce gar commands; bal incapable, moreover, be quelling disorder: then gar verde enteyor cuyir likened at spoilt ade; val are di'kutla par any practical purpose. 27. meh vi kar'taylir ibac cuun own men are o'r a condition at jurkadir, a' are nakar'mir ibac te aru'ela is not open at jurkadir, vi ganar dar shi halfway at parjai. 28. meh vi kar'taylir ibac te aru'ela is open at jurkadir, a' are nakar'mir ibac cuun own men are not o'r a condition at jurkadir, vi ganar dar shi halfway at parjai. 29. meh vi kar'taylir ibac te aru'ela is open at jurkadir, bal also kar'taylir ibac cuun men are o'r a condition at jurkadir, a' are nakar'mir ibac te nature be te ground makes fighting impracticable, vi ganar su dar shi halfway at parjai. 30. Hence te experienced verd, once o'r motion, is draar bewildered; once kaysh has shuk'la camp, kaysh is draar at a loss. 31. Hence te saying: meh gar kar'taylir te aru'ela bal kar'taylir yourself, gar parjai will not motir o'r doubt; meh gar kar'taylir mar'eyce bal kar'taylir vheh, gar may gotal'ur gar parjai ani. XI. te she'cu SITUATIONS 1. Sun Tzu said: te art be akaan recognizes she'cu varieties be ground: (1) Dispersive ground; (2) facile ground; (3) contentious ground; (4) open ground; (5) ground be intersecting highways; (6) serious ground; (7) umaan ground; (8) hemmed- o'r ground; (9) aikiyc ground. 2. When a chieftain is fighting o'r kaysh own territory, bic is dispersive ground. 3. When kaysh has penetrated lo aru'ela territory, a' at nayc great chaaj, bic is facile ground. 4. Ground te possession be meg imports great advantage at ebin eso, is contentious ground. 5. Ground bat meg solus eso has liberty be movement is open ground. 6. Ground meg forms te key at ehn contiguous states, so ibac kaysh Tion'ad occupies bic maan has most be te Empire at kaysh ke'gyce, is a ground be intersecting highways. 7. When eyn akaan'ade has penetrated lo te kar'rta be a aru'ela country, leaving a number be fortified cities o'r its shebs, bic is serious ground. 8. cerar forests, rugged steeps, marshes bal fens-- an country ibac is muun at traverse: ibic is umaan ground. 9. Ground meg is reached adol narrow gorges, bal teh meg vi liser shi retire de tortuous paths, so ibac a kih number be te aru'ela would suffice at crush a large baar be cuun men: ibic is hemmed o'r ground. 10. Ground bat meg vi liser shi cuyir saved teh destruction de fighting ures delay, is aikiyc ground. 11. bat dispersive ground, therefore, akaanir not. bat facile ground, halt not. bat contentious ground, jurkadir not. 12. bat open ground, narir not kebbur at ara'novor te enemy's way. bat te ground be intersecting highways, to hands ti gar allies. 13. bat serious ground, joruur o'r plunder. o'r umaan ground, taylir steadily bat te taabir. 14. bat hemmed- o'r ground, resort at stratagem. bat aikiyc ground, akaanir. 15. Those Tion'ad were called skillful leaders be ruug'la knew how at drive a wedge between te enemy's front bal shebs; at prevent co-operation between kaysh large bal kih divisions; at hinder te jate troops teh rescuing te dush, te officers teh rallying their men. 16. When te enemy's men were solus, val managed at taylir them o'r disorder. 17. When bic was at their advantage, val made a forward nari; when otherwise, val stopped su. 18. meh asked how at cope ti a great host be te aru'ela o'r orderly yilad bal bat te taap be marching at te jurkadir, ni should say: "Begin de seizing something meg gar opponent holds dear; then kaysh will cuyir amenable at gar will." 19. Rapidity is te essence be akaan: hibir advantage be te enemy's unreadiness, gotal'ur gar way de unexpected routes, bal jurkadir unguarded spots. 20. te following are te principles at cuyir observed de eyn invading force: te further gar penetrate lo a country, te greater will cuyir te solidarity be gar troops, bal thus te defenders will not prevail against gar. 21. gotal'ur forays o'r fertile country o'r ke'gyce at supply gar akaan'ade ti kai'tome. 22. Carefully study te jahaala-being be gar men, bal narir not overtax them. sur'ar gar energy bal hoard gar kot. taylir gar akaan'ade continually bat te nari, bal devise unfathomable plans. 23. goorar gar verde lo positions whence ogir is nayc eyaytir, bal val will jatne emuurir kyr'am at flight. meh val will troan kyr'am, ogir is naas val may not achieve. Officers bal men alike will naritir forth their uttermost kot. 24. verde when o'r aikiyc straits lose te sense be chaabar. meh ogir is nayc naritir be refuge, val will motir firm. meh val are o'r aru'ela country, val will show a atin front. meh ogir is nayc gaa'taylir par bic, val will akaanir muun. 25. Thus, ures waiting at cuyir marshaled, te verde will cuyir constantly bat te qui vive; ures waiting at cuyir asked, val will narir gar will; ures restrictions, val will cuyir faithful; ures giving orders, val liser cuyir trusted. 26. Prohibit te taking be omens, bal narir be'chaaj ti superstitious doubts. Then, kay kyr'am ast comes, nayc calamity linibar cuyir feared. 27. meh cuun verde are not overburdened ti money, bic is not jorcu val ganar a distaste par riches; meh their lives are not unduly munit, bic is not jorcu val are disinclined at longevity. 28. bat te tuur val are ordered out at battle, gar verde may weep, those sitting laam bedewing their garments, bal those lying daab letting te tears viinir daab their cheeks. a' let them once cuyir brought at bay, bal val will display te courage be a Chu ra a Kuei. 29. te skillful tactician may cuyir likened at te shuai-jan. jii te shuai-jan is a snake ibac is found o'r te ChUng mountains. nynir at its kovid, bal gar will cuyir attacked de its tail; nynir at its tail, bal gar will cuyir attacked de its kovid; nynir at its middle, bal gar will cuyir attacked de kovid bal tail bintar. 30. Asked meh eyn akaan'ade liser cuyir made at imitate te shuai-jan, ni should answer, elek. par te men be Wu bal te men be Yueh are enemies; su meh val are crossing a river o'r te arasuumir boat bal are caught de a buurenaar, val will olaror at solus other's assistance shi sa te payt gaan helps te serimir. 31. Hence bic is not luubid at naritir one's trust o'r te tethering be horses, bal te burying be chariot wheels o'r te ground 32. te principle bat meg at manage eyn akaan'ade is at set laam one standard be courage meg an enteyor reach. 33. How at gotal'ur te jatne be bintar dral bal laandur-- ibac is a tionir involving te proper use be ground. 34. Thus te skillful general conducts kaysh akaan'ade shi sa though kaysh were leading a single tratur, willy-nilly, de te gaan. 35. bic is te business cuyir a general at be quiet bal thus ensure secrecy; upright bal shi, bal thus maintain ke'gyce. 36. kaysh enteyor cuyir liser at mystify kaysh officers bal men de false reports bal appearances, bal thus taylir them o'r ani ignorance. 37. de altering kaysh arrangements bal changing kaysh plans, kaysh keeps te aru'ela ures definite knowledge. de shifting kaysh camp bal taking circuitous routes, kaysh prevents te aru'ela teh anticipating kaysh purpose. 38. at te critical moment, te alor be eyn akaan'ade acts emuurir one Tion'ad has climbed laam a munad bal then kicks be'chaaj te ladder behind him. kaysh carries kaysh men deep lo aru'ela territory before kaysh shows kaysh gaan. 39. kaysh burns kaysh boats bal breaks kaysh cooking-pots; emuurir a shepherd driving a flock be sheep, kaysh drives kaysh men ibic way bal ibac, bal naas knows whither kaysh is going. 40. at muster kaysh host bal bring bic lo buruk:-- ibic may cuyir termed te business be te general. 41. te different measures suited at te she'cu varieties be ground; te expediency be verd'yc ra defensive tactics; bal te fundamental laws be human nature: these are kebise ibac enteyor most troch cuyir studied. 42. When invading aru'ela territory, te general principle is, ibac penetrating deeply brings cohesion; penetrating a' a skotah way means dispersion. 43. When gar ba'slanar gar own country behind, bal hibir gar akaan'ade dos neighborhood territory, gar mar'eyir yourself bat critical ground. When ogir are means be communication bat an cuir sides, te ground is one be intersecting highways. 44. When gar penetrate deeply lo a country, bic is serious ground. When gar penetrate a' a little way, bic is facile ground. 45. When gar ganar te enemy's strongholds bat gar shebs, bal narrow passes o'r front, bic is hemmed- o'r ground. When ogir is nayc naritir be refuge at an, bic is aikiyc ground. 46. Therefore, bat dispersive ground, ni would inspire ner men ti unity be purpose. bat facile ground, ni would haa'taylir ibac ogir is close to between an parts be ner akaan'ade. 47. bat contentious ground, ni would hurry laam ner shebs. 48. bat open ground, ni would taylir a vigilant sur'haai bat ner defenses. bat ground be intersecting highways, ni would consolidate ner alliances. 49. bat serious ground, ni would kebbur at ensure a continuous stream be supplies. bat umaan ground, ni would taylir pushing bat along te goyust. 50. bat hemmed- o'r ground, ni would ara'novor any way be tok'kad. bat aikiyc ground, ni would proclaim at ner verde te hopelessness be saving their lives. 51. par bic is te soldier's disposition at offer eyn obstinate resistance when surrounded, at akaanir muun when kaysh cannot gaa'taylir himself, bal at obey promptly when kaysh has fallen lo buruk. 52. vi cannot enter lo tsad ti neighboring princes kay vi are acquainted ti their designs. vi are not fit at alorir eyn akaan'ade bat te taabir unless vi are yaim'la ti te troan be te country--its mountains bal forests, its pitfalls bal precipices, its marshes bal swamps. vi shall cuyir unable at turn natural advantages at account unless vi gotal'ur use be yaim'la guides. 53. at cuyir ignored be any one be te following cuir ra rayshe'a principles does not befit a warlike prince. 54. When a warlike prince attacks a dral state, kaysh generalship shows ast o'r preventing te concentration be te enemy's trat'ade. kaysh overawes kaysh opponents, bal their allies are prevented teh joining against him. 55. Hence kaysh does not strive at tomad himself ti an bal sundry, nor does kaysh foster te power be ashi states. kaysh carries out kaysh own ranov'la designs, keeping kaysh antagonists o'r awe. Thus kaysh is liser at mircir their cities bal overthrow their kingdoms. 56. Bestow rewards ures regard at rule, issue orders ures regard at previous arrangements; bal gar will cuyir liser at handle a whole akaan'ade sa though gar had at narir ti a' a single tratur. 57. Confront gar verde ti te deed ast; draar let them kar'taylir gar design. When te outlook is dral, bring bic before their eyes; a' rejorhaa'ir them naas when te situation is gloomy. 58. naritir gar akaan'ade o'r kyramla peril, bal bic will survive; plunge bic lo aikiyc straits, bal bic will olaror off o'r safety. 59. par bic is precisely when a force has fallen lo harm's way ibac is capable be striking a blow par parjai. 60. Success o'r warfare is gained de carefully accommodating ourselves at te enemy's purpose. 61. de persistently hanging bat te enemy's eso, vi shall succeed o'r te munit viinir o'r killing te al'verde- o'r- alor. 62. ibic is called ability at accomplish a thing de sheer hodayc. 63. bat te tuur ibac gar hibir laam gar ke'gyce, ara'novor te frontier passes, naastar te official tallies, bal stop te passage be an emissaries. 64. cuyir stern o'r te council-chamber, so ibac gar may control te situation. 65. meh te aru'ela leaves a door open, gar enteyor rush o'r. 66. Forestall gar opponent de seizing meg kaysh holds dear, bal subtly contrive at ca'nara kaysh arrival bat te ground. 67. kemir o'r te path defined de rule, bal accommodate yourself at te aru'ela kay gar liser akaanir a decisive battle. 68. at maan, then, exhibit te coyness be a maiden, kay te aru'ela gives gar eyn opening; afterwards emulate te rapidity cuyir a running hare, bal bic will be too late par te aru'ela at oppose gar. XII. te jurkadir de tracyn 1. Sun Tzu said: ogir are rayshe'a ways be attacking ti tracyn. te maan is at hettir verde o'r their camp; te second is at hettir stores; te third is at hettir baggage trains; te fourth is at hettir arsenals bal magazines; te fifth is at hurl dropping tracyn amongst te aru'ela. 2. o'r ke'gyce at jorir out eyn jurkadir, vi enteyor ganar means available. te material par raising tracyn should always cuyir kept o'r readiness. 3. ogir is a proper season par making attacks ti tracyn, bal vutyc days par starting a conflagration. 4. te proper season is when te burun is ori dry; te vutyc days are those when te me'suum'ika is o'r te constellations be te Sieve, te Wall, te Wing ra te doslanir-bar; par these cuir are an days be rising woor. 5. o'r attacking ti tracyn, one should cuyir prepared at urcir rayshe'a ret'yc developments: 6. (1) When tracyn breaks out inside at enemy's camp, respond at once ti eyn jurkadir teh ures. 7. (2) meh ogir is eyn outbreak be tracyn, a' te enemy's verde remain quiet, bide gar ca'nara bal narir not jurkadir. 8. (3) When te force be te flames has reached its munad, shekemir bic laam ti eyn jurkadir, meh ibac is practicable; meh not, stay vaii gar are. 9. (4) meh bic is ret'yc at gotal'ur eyn jurkad ti tracyn teh ures, narir not parer par bic at shukur out within, a' deliver gar jurkadir at a favorable moment. 10. (5) When gar start a tracyn, cuyir at windward be bic. narir not jurkadir teh te leeward. 11. A woor ibac rises o'r te daytime lasts munit, a' a ca breeze soon falls. 12. o'r every akaan'ade, te rayshe'a developments connected ti tracyn enteyor cuyir known, te movements be te Ka'ra calculated, bal a watch kept par te proper days. 13. Hence those Tion'ad use tracyn sa eyn aid at te jurkadir show intelligence; those Tion'ad use pirun sa eyn aid at te jurkadir gain eyn accession be kot. 14. de means cuyir pirun, eyn aru'ela may be intercepted, a' not robbed be an kaysh belongings. 15. Unhappy is te fate be one Tion'ad tries at parjir kaysh battles bal succeed o'r kaysh attacks ures cultivating te spirit be enterprise; par te result is go'naasir be ca'nara bal general arasuum. 16. Hence te saying: te enlightened ruler lays kaysh plans jahaala ahead; te jate general cultivates kaysh resources. 17. nari not unless gar haa'taylir eyn advantage; use not gar troops unless ogir is something at cuyir gained; akaanir not unless te taap is critical. 18. nayc ruler should naritir troops lo te field merely at gratify kaysh own spleen; nayc general should akaanir a battle simply out be pique. 19. meh bic is at gar advantage, gotal'ur a forward nari; meh not, stay vaii gar are. 20. Anger may o'r ca'nara am at gladness; vexation may cuyir succeeded de content. 21. a' a kingdom ibac has once been destroyed liser draar olaror tug'yc lo being; nor liser te taab'echaaj'la vurel cuyir brought norac at life. 22. Hence te enlightened ruler is heedful, bal te jate general yaihi'l be caution. ibic is te way at taylir a country at naak bal eyn akaan'ade intact. XIII. te USE be SPIES 1. Sun Tzu said: Raising a host be a olan ta'raysholan men bal marching them great distances entails heavy loss bat te adate bal a drain bat te resources be te State. te daily expenditure will amount at a ta'raysholan ounces cuyir silver. ogir will be commotion at yaim bal abroad, bal men will drop daab exhausted bat te highways. sa birov sa e'tad olan ta'raysholan families will cuyir impeded o'r their labor. 2. aru'ela armies may troan solus ashi par years, striving par te parjai meg is decided o'r a single tuur. ibic being so, at remain o'r ignorance be te enemy's condition simply jorcu one grudges te outlay be a olan ounces be silver o'r honors bal emoluments, is te munad be inhumanity. 3. One Tion'ad acts thus is nayc alor be men, nayc present gaa'taylir at kaysh sovereign, nayc master be parjai. 4. Thus, meg enables te wise sovereign bal te jate general at nynir bal conquer, bal achieve kebise suum te reach be ordinary men, is foreknowledge. 5. jii ibic foreknowledge cannot cuyir elicited teh spirits; bic cannot cuyir obtained inductively teh experience, nor de any deductive calculation. 6. Knowledge be te enemy's dispositions liser shi cuyir obtained teh ashi men. 7. Hence te use be spies, be whom ogir are rayshe'a classes: (1) yaim'la spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies; (4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies. 8. When these rayshe'a kinds be spy are an at borarir, naasad liser mar'eyir te ranov'la tolase. ibic is called "divine manipulation be te threads." bic is te sovereign's most precious faculty. 9. Having yaim'la spies means employing te services be te inhabitants be a district. 10. Having inward spies, making use be officials be te aru'ela. 11. Having converted spies, getting taylir be te enemy's spies bal using them par cuun own purposes. 12. Having doomed spies, doing certain kebise openly par purposes be deception, bal allowing cuun spies at kar'taylir be them bal report them at te aru'ela. 13. Surviving spies, finally, are those Tion'ad bring norac news teh te enemy's camp. 14. Hence bic is ibac meg naasad o'r te whole akaan'ade are more intimate relations at cuyir maintained than ti spies. naasad should cuyir more liberally rewarded. o'r nayc ashi business should greater secrecy cuyir preserved. 15. Spies cannot cuyir usefully employed ures a certain intuitive sagacity. 16. val cannot cuyir properly managed ures benevolence bal straightforwardness. 17. ures subtle ingenuity be mind, one cannot gotal'ur certain be te haat be their reports. 18. cuyir subtle! cuyir subtle! bal use gar spies par every kind be business. 19. meh a ranov'la piece be news is divulged de a spy before te ca'nara is ripe, kaysh enteyor cuyir naritir at kyr'am tome ti te tratur at whom te ranov'la was told. 20. Whether te object cuyir at crush eyn akaan'ade, at buurenaar a oriya, ra at assassinate eyn solus, bic is always necessary at begin de finding out te names be te attendants, te aides-de-camp, bal door-keepers bal sentries be te general o'r ke'gyce. cuun spies enteyor cuyir commissioned at ascertain these. 21. te enemy's spies Tion'ad ganar olaror at spy bat us enteyor cuyir sought out, tempted ti bribes, led be'chaaj bal comfortably housed. Thus val will become converted spies bal available par cuun service. 22. bic is adol te information brought de te converted spy ibac vi are liser at acquire bal employ yaim'la bal inward spies. 23. bic is owing at kaysh information, tug'yc, ibac vi liser cause te doomed spy at jorir false tidings at te aru'ela. 24. Lastly, bic is de kaysh information ibac te surviving spy liser cuyir used bat appointed occasions. 25. te kyr bal aim be spying o'r an its rayshe'a varieties is knowledge be te aru'ela; bal ibic knowledge liser shi cuyir derived, o'r te maan instance, teh te converted spy. Hence bic is essential ibac te converted spy cuyir treated ti te utmost liberality. 26. be ruug'la, te rise be te Yin dynasty was due at ni Chih Tion'ad had served chur te Hsia. Likewise, te rise be te Chou dynasty was due at Lu Ya Tion'ad had served chur te Yin. 27. Hence bic is shi te enlightened ruler bal te wise general Tion'ad will use te highest intelligence be te akaan'ade par purposes be spying bal thereby val achieve great results. Spies are a most jaon'yc element o'r pirun, jorcu bat them depends eyn army's ability at nari.

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