We will be dipping in and out of this slide show to learn foundational research skills, from choosing a topic to selecting sources and evaluating them.
You need to provide evidence of all of these landmarks in order to meet the standard. They are broken down into five steps
Define your research topic and formulate your research question/hypothesis. I recommend you have three subquestions that guide your research to stay on track. I recommend the following:
A question that defines your topic. E.g. What is climate change?
A question that looks into the why or why not of your topic, e.g. What are the contributing factors of climate change or what are the barriers that have prevented people from stopping climate change?
A question that looks at how your topic impacts others and/or the world/society, e.g. What are the outcomes for people in NZ because of climate change?
Locating and processing information that answers your research question/subquestions. In this step, you need to actively engage with the information you have found in order to answer your questions. The table below will help you to do that. You have a copy on Google Classroom.
Evaluate sources. In this step, you will demonstrate that you are able to make sound judgements on the quality of your sources. We will be using the rauru whakarare evaluation framework to assess our sources. We will be using the table below to do this. There is a copy of the table for you in Google Classroom.
A developed conclusion means:
Based on your evidence, form an opinion, make a judgement or propose an argument that adds to or goes beyond the info you currently have. It must be linked to the evidence – but if you are only summarizing your info – then you are not forming your OWN conclusions.
Eg: I think 1+1+1 = g because…. (Do not do: I think 1+1+1 = 1+1+1 )
Explain why you have come to this conclusion/opinion/judgement. Give specific reasons, details or examples. These will be linked to the research but will also go beyond the research by adding information from more than one source to make new understandings. Based on your research, offer solutions. Describe a model of how you think things should be and why. What are the implications of your stance? Who benefits? Who will have to change or suffer? How will your version affect the status quo? Don’t forget to utilise your existing prior knowledge and expertise to help you draw conclusions based on the new evidence.
Write the report. This is where you demonstrate your ability to draw conclusions from your research. Your opinion, backed up by evidence, is crucial to this. You are also using this piece as formal writing in your writing portfolio, so make sure you re-read your report and tidy up any errors. There is a report template that can help with the format of your report. This is on Google Classroom for you.
You will workshop your first draft in your writing group in Weeks 5 and 6 - Check the course overview for specifics. You will then have a week to edit your report before you submit it on 25/03/23.
Each paragraph should have a piece of evidence from your data that you are drawing a conclusion from. This is the X in a TEXAS paragraph. To format this correctly you need to use either a quote or a citation.
A quote is when you put the information word for word from the data into your paragraph. E.g. "There are seventy-five different flavours of ice cream for sale in my shop" (Brown, 2023, p.25). Notice that the full stop for the sentence is after the final bracket. The information you put in the brackets should directly relate to your reference list.
A citation is when you put the data into your own words, but since it is not your original idea, you must credit the author. Here is an example based on the example above.
The shop has over seventy different flavours of icecream for sale (Brown, 2023). The only difference is there are no quote marks or page number.
You can incorporate the authors name into the sentence and if you do this, you do not need to put it in the brackets at the end. Here are two examples, one for quote and one for citation.
Quote:
Brown (2023) tells us that "there are seventy-five different flavours of ice cream for sale in [his] shop" (p.25). Notice the difference in formatting. The year goes with the author and the page number comes after the quote.
Brown (2023) has a shop with over seventy different flavours of icecream for sale.
Make sure every reference in your reference list can be found in your paragraphs as either a quote or a citation. Ask questions if you are not sure. We will pick up any errors in the peer feedback sessions.