Embedded Files
Grade(s): 11-12
Length: two semesters
Credit: 1
Prerequisites: Teacher recommendation or Biology
Course Overview:
Course Overview:
Human Anatomy & Physiology is a course that advanced students will learn about the major organ systems of the human body and how they work together to sustain life and maintain health. Academic skills will focus on independent reading and analysis. Content focus will be on the relationship between the structure (anatomy) of organs and organ systems and the functions (physiology) of those systems. Students will have the opportunity to study how healthy life choices can help to enhance the functioning of those systems; they will also be introduced to the many careers available in the modern health care system.
Adopted Textbook:
Adopted Textbook:
Body Structures and Functions. National Geographic/Cengage, 2022.
Units
Units
(Recommended Order)
Semester 1:
Semester 1:
Basis of Anatomy and Physiology
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
*Components of the Endocrine system will be studies as appropriate to other systems (i.e pituitary gland with the nervous system).
Semester 2:
Semester 2:
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems – Macro: Lungs, Heart, and Vessels
Circulatory Systems – Micro: Cells, Proteins, Lymph, and Immunity
Digestive System
Renal System
Reproductive System
*Components of the Endocrine system will be studies as appropriate to other systems (i.e. pancreas with the digestive system).
Unit 1: Basis of Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 1: Basis of Anatomy & Physiology
Suggested Pacing: 4-5 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapters 2, 3, 4, & 5
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Identify and discuss the different branches of anatomy and the eleven body systems.
Learn basic anatomical vocabulary including directional planes, directional terms, and body cavities.
Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
Describe the structure and function of the major types of cells.
Describe levels of organization in the human body.
Define the function and location of tissues.
Explain the structure of an atom, an element, and a compound.
Describe the four main groups of organic compounds: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Explain the difference between an acid, a base, and salt and the acid-base balance.
Demonstrate understanding of homeostasis and how it is maintained by the body.
Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
View and discuss Deadly Ascent; a Nova film about the challenges of high altitude.
Make drawings/watercolors examples of the four tissue types.
Dissect celery using anatomical terms.
View Thai Cave Rescue to apply homeostasis.
Lab simulation “Homeostasis” to maintain homeostasis of model.
Standards List: LS1.A: Structure & Function: HS-LS1.1, HS-LS1.3, HS-LS3.1
Unit 2: Integumentary System
Unit 2: Integumentary System
Suggested Pacing: 3-4 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapter 6
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Describe the functions of the skin.
Describe the structures found in the three skin layers.
Explain how the skin serves as a channel of excretion.
Understand the physiology of skin color
Describe common skin (cancer), hair, and nail disorders. Describe wounds to the skin and how the skin heals, including scarring.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Lab: Microscopic examination of the skin
Tissue box model of the skin
Exploration of why tattoos are permanent
Biology of skin color (HHMI)
Wound lab
Medical highlights – hazards of the sun
Standards List: LS1.A: Structure & Function: HS-LS1.1, HS-LS1.2, HS-LS1.3, HS-LS3.1
Unit 3: Skeletal System
Unit 3: Skeletal System
Suggested Pacing: 4-5 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapter 7
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Identify the main functions of the skeletal system.
Explain how bones can grow in length and diameter over the lifetime of the person.
Name and locate the bones of the skeleton, including the types of joints.
Be familiar with some disorders caused by malfunctions within this system (i.e. osteoporosis).
Give examples of how the skeletal system maintains homeostasis by controlling the level of calcium in the blood.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Label a life size skeleton, or assemble bones into a skeleton.
Bone strength lab.
Identify bone fractures in X-rays, labeling affected bones and type of fractures.
Demonstrate joint types through active pictures
Bone calcium and parathyroid POGIL
Standards List: LS3.B: Variation of Traits: HS-LS3.2, HS-LS3.3
Unit 4: Muscular System
Unit 4: Muscular System
Suggested Pacing: 2-3 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapter 8
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Identify the three types of muscle cells and their functional differences.
Explain the molecular mechanism for muscular contraction through the sliding filament theory.
Describe systems of opposing muscle, including how muscles attach to bones and function to make joints work.
List the major groups of skeletal muscles.
Become familiar with the scientific literature regarding various performance enhancing drugs used by athletes. Demonstrate an understanding of the acute and chronic effects, and the special risks of anabolic steroids in teens.
Be familiar with some disorders caused by malfunctions within this system.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Invite a physical therapist to demonstrate the skills required for successful therapy.
Identify muscular systems and how they control movement.
Draw and label muscles on a life-sized model.
Muscle contraction POGIL
Clay build of muscles.
Muscle art – label and name muscles of famous statues.
Dissect a chicken wing to view muscles, ligaments, and tendons.
Discuss body dysmorphia – Project Hope
Standards List: LS1.A: Structure & Function: HS-LS1.1, HS-LS1.2, HS-LS3.1
Unit 5: Nervous System
Unit 5: Nervous System
Suggested Pacing: 2-3 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapters 9, 10, & 12
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Explain the role of nervous system in coordinating the functions of the whole organism.
Explain how a nervous impulse travels through an action potential, including neurotransmitters.
Describe the major parts of the brain and their functions.
Explain the role of sensory organs.
Explain how muscles are innervated through the peripheral nervous system.
Be familiar with some disorders caused by malfunctions within this system.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Class visit from community experts on steroid abuse and traumatic brain injuries.
Labs testing the sensory neurons of skin, reaction times, blind spots, color blindness, etc.
Visit from pathologist with brain tissue.
Dissect a cow’s eye.
Clay build of the brain and spinal cord, including innervation of a muscle.
Drug addiction nerve pathways.
View “Human the World Within- React or Senses.”
Standards List: LS1.A: Structure & Function: HS-LS1.1, HS-LS1.2, HS-LS1.3, HS-LS3.1
Unit 6: Circulatory & Respiratory Systems
Unit 6: Circulatory & Respiratory Systems
Macro: Lungs, Heart, & Vessels
Macro: Lungs, Heart, & Vessels
Suggested Pacing: 3-4 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapters 13, 14, 15, & 18
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.
Explain the role of alveoli oxygenating blood.
Give examples of how negative feedback loops in the circulatory system maintain homeostasis.
Give examples of how positive feedback loops decrease homeostatic stability.
Label the major vessels of the body.
Explain the structure of the heart and how its form follows its function.
Describe the structure of the body’s vessels.
Be familiar with some disorders caused by malfunctions within this system.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Examine and draw a pig heart.
Learn to measure blood pressure. Examine the effects of exercise on pulse and blood pressure.
Coloring models of the four-chambered heart.
Dissect the major arteries and veins of the fetal pig. Look at the fetal circulation through the umbilical cord.
Life size sketch with major vessels drawn and labeled.
Clay build of heart and lungs
Stop motion video of how blood moves through heart, to lungs, back to heart and out to body
Build a model of the lungs in a plastic bottle, simulate pressure required to inflate lungs
Standards List: LS1.C: Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms: HS-LS1.6, HS-LS1.7
Unit 7: Circulatory Systems
Unit 7: Circulatory Systems
Micro: Cells, Proteins, Lymph, & Immunity
Micro: Cells, Proteins, Lymph, & Immunity
Suggested Pacing: 4-5 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapters 4 & 16
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.
Describe the role of hemoglobin in oxygenating tissues.
Describe the ABO and RH proteins on red blood cells and the genetics.
Describe the cellular makeup of blood.
Describe the function of each of the blood cells. Differentiate between red and white blood cells.
List the different types of white blood cells and explain how they function in immunity.
Describe immunity and the defense mechanisms of the body.
Be familiar with some disorders caused by malfunctions within this system.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Blood type testing with a school nurse or simulated blood typing.
Use Punnett Squares to determine the genetics of blood typing.
Immune system comic.
Standards List: LS1.C: Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms: HS-LS1.6, HS-LS1.7
Unit 8: Digestive System
Unit 8: Digestive System
Suggested Pacing: 3-4 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapters 19 & 20
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
List the functions of the digestive system.
Name and describe the functions of the organs of the digestive tract and accessory organs.
Describe metabolism. Recognize that food is chemical energy that is measured in calories.
List the major types of nutrients, where they are absorbed, and how they are used by the body.
Understand the production and excretion of fees in the microbiome of the gut.
Explain the role of insulin in metabolism and the effects of diabetes.
Be familiar with some disorders caused by malfunctions within this system.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Measure the calories in various easily burned foods.
Use Biuret solution, Benedicts solution and iodine to test various foods.
Dissect the digestive system of a fetal pig.
Class visit from diabetes prevention specialist.
Digestion in a bag.
Build a model of the digestive system to size, using craft material like yarn.
Clay build of the digestive system and accessory organs.
Blue frosting lab.
Standards List: LS1.A: Structure & Function: HS-LS1.1, HS-LS1.2, HS-LS1.3, HS-LS3.1
Unit 9: Renal System
Unit 9: Renal System
Suggested Pacing: 2-3 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapter 21
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Explain the function of the urinary system.
Describe the structure and function of the organs in the urinary system.
Explain how kidneys regulate water balance and remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood.
Understand how the urinary system and circulatory system work together to clean the blood and create urine.
Be familiar with some disorders caused by malfunctions within this system.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Urinalysis lab
Dissect a pig kidney.
Draw or model the functional unit of the kidney - the nephron.
Trace blood flow into, through, and out of the kidney.
Standards List: LS1.A: Structure & Function: HS-LS1.1, HS-LS1.2, HS-LS1.3, HS-LS3.1
Unit 10: Reproductive System
Unit 10: Reproductive System
Suggested Pacing: 3-4 weeks
Textbook Chapters/Lessons: Chapter 22
Key Objectives:
Key Objectives:
Describe the organs and glands of the male and female reproductive systems.
Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.
List the major hormones of the male and female reproductive system.
Explain the relative effects of estrogen and progesterone during the female menstrual cycle.
Explain the importance of the placenta to healthy prenatal development.
Explain why a fetus is particularly vulnerable to damage by drugs, alcohol, or environmental contaminants.
Describe the trimesters of pregnancy and the fetal development that is occurring during each one.
Describe the structure of the lactating breast. Summarize the process of lactation. Explain how the composition of breast milk changes during the first days of lactation and in the course of a single feeding.
Be familiar with some disorders caused by malfunctions within this system.
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Suggested Activities & Resources:
Finish dissecting the reproductive system of the fetal pig.
Invite medical professionals to show students how to suture their pigs closed.
Invite medical professionals to talk to students about anabolic steroids.
Lab: Birth Control.
View “The 9 Months that Made You” (PBS)
Clay build of the reproductive systems
Public Health
Standards List: HS-LS1: Growth & Development of Organisms: HS-LS1.4
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