All animals need food and water in order to live and grow. 

Animals obtain their food from plants and/or other animals.

Plants need water and light to live and grow.

Sunlight warms the Earth’s surface.

Pushes and pulls can have different strengths and directions.

Pulling, pushing, or touching an object can change the speed or direction of its motion.

A bigger push or pull makes things speed up or slow down more quickly.

When objects touch, or collide, they push on one another and can change motion.

Living things need water, air, and resources from the land, and they live in places that have the things they need.

Weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow, or rain, and temperature in a region. People measure these conditions to describe and record weather and notice patterns.

Plants and animals can change their environment.

Scientists forecast severe weather so communities can prepare.

Science and engineering practices are crosscutting concepts that can be taught using any topic at each grade level. These practices are the same for grades kindergarten, first, and second.

Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool.

Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem. 

Analyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each performs. 

Young animals and plants are very much, but not exactly, like their parents.

Individual of the same kind of plant or animal are similar, but vary in many ways.

All organisms have external parts. Animals use their body parts in different ways to see, hear, grasp objects, protect themselves, move from place to place, and seek, find, and take in food and water.

Plants have different parts (e.g., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits) that help them grow and survive.

Adult plants and animals can have young. In many kinds of animals, parents and offspring engage in behaviors that help the offspring to survive.

Animals and plants have body parts that help them grow and survive.

Sound can make matter vibrate and vibrating matter can make sound.

Objects can be seen if light is available to illuminate them or if they can give off their own light.

Light travels differently when passing through various objects/materials.

People use a variety of devices to communicate over long distances.

Patterns of the motion of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, and predicted. 

Seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset can be observed, described, and predicted.

Science and engineering practices are crosscutting concepts that can be taught using any topic at each grade level. These practices are the same for grades kindergarten, first, and second.

Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool.

Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem. 

Analyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each performs.

Plants depend on water and light to grow.

Plants depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around.

There are many different kinds of living things in any area, and they exist in different places on land and in water.

Different kinds of matter exist and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature. Matter can be described and classified by its observable properties.

Different properties are suited to different purposes. 

A great variety of objects can be built up from a small set of pieces. 

Heating or cooling a substance may cause changes that can be observed. Sometimes these changes are reversible, and sometimes they are not.

Some events happen very quickly; others occur very slowly, over a time period much longer than one can observe. 

Wind and water can change the shape of the land. 

Maps show where things are located. One can map the shapes and kinds of land and water in any area. 

Water is found in the ocean, rivers, lakes, and ponds. Water exists as solid ice and in liquid form.

Science and engineering practices are crosscutting concepts that can be taught using any topic at each grade level. These practices are the same for grades kindergarten, first, and second.

Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool.

Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem. 

Analyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each performs.

Reproduction is essential to the continued existence of all organisms.

Being part of a group helps animals obtain food, defend themselves, and cope with changes.

Plants and animals have traits that are inherited from parents and can be influenced by the environment.

Use fossils to learn about organisms and environments from long ago.

Some variations in individuals provide advantages in surviving.

Habitats are beneficial to some organisms and not others.

When environments change, the plants and animals that live there may change.

How balanced and unbalanced forces affect an object.

Measure and observe the object’s motion and look for patterns to predict the future movements.

Cause and effect relationship of electric or magnetic interactions between two objects.

Use tables and graphs to describe typical weather patterns and conditions during a specific season.

Describe climates in different regions of the world.

Evaluate solution that reduces the impacts of a weather-related hazard.

Science and engineering practices are crosscutting concepts that can be taught using any topic at each grade level. These practices are the same for grades third, fourth, and fifth.

Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria success and constraints on materials, time, or cost. 

Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. 

Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.

Alaskan plants have developed unique adaptations to accommodate their ecological niche in the habitat. 

Plants and animals have both internal and external structures that serve various functions in growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction.

Different sense receptors are specialized for particular kinds of information, which may be then processed by the animal’s brain.

The faster a given object is moving, the more energy it possesses and energy can be moved from place to place.

Energy is present whenever there are moving objects and energy can be transferred from object or place to another.

When objects collide, the contact forces transfer of energy so as to change the objects’ motion.

The expression “produce energy” typically refers to the conversion of stored energy into a desired form for practical use.

Waves are regular patterns of motion and can be made in water by disturbing the surface. Waves of the same type can differ in amplitude.

An object can be seen when light reflected from its surface enters the eyes.

Digitized information can be transmitted over long distances without significant degradation.

Local, regional, and global patterns in rock formations reveal changes over time due to earth forces, such as earthquakes.

Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of things living in a region. Water, ice, wind, living organisms, and gravity break down rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller particles and move them around. 

Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions:  The locations of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, ocean floor structures, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur in patterns.

Living things affect the physical characteristics of their regions.

Energy and fuels that humans use are derived from natural sources.

A variety of hazards result from natural processes that humans cannot eliminate.

Science and engineering practices are crosscutting concepts that can be taught using any topic at each grade level. These practices are the same for grades third, fourth, and fifth.

Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria success and constraints on materials, time, or cost. 

Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. 

Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.

Plants acquire their material for growth chiefly from air and water.

Organisms have interdependent relationships in ecosystems. A healthy ecosystem is one in which multiple species of different types are each able to meet their needs in a relatively stable web of life.

Matter cycles between the air and soil and among plants, animals, and microbes as these organisms live and die.

All matter has mass, weight, volume, and density which can be measured and compared. Matter can undergo physical and chemical changes.

The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center.

The energy released from food was once energy from the sun that was captured by the planets in the chemical process that forms plant matter.

Food provides animals with the materials they need for body repair and growth and the energy they need to maintain body warmth and for motion.

The sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer.

The orbits of Earth around the sun and of the moon around Earth, together with the rotation of Earth about an axis between north and south poles, causes observable patterns.

Earth’s major systems, the geosphere, the hydrosphere, and the biosphere, interact in multiple ways to affect Earth’s surface materials and processes.

Nearly all of Earth’s available water is in the ocean.  Most fresh water is in glaciers or underground; only a tiny fraction is streams, lakes, wetlands, and the atmosphere.

Human activities in agriculture, industry, and everyday life have had major effects on the land, vegetation, streams, ocean air, and even outer space.

Science and engineering practices are crosscutting concepts that can be taught using any topic at each grade level. These practices are the same for grades third, fourth, and fifth.

Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria success and constraints on materials, time, or cost. 

Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. 

Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.