In Kindergarten, instructional time should focus on two critical areas:
Representing, relating and operating on whole numbers, initially with sets of objects.
Describing shapes and space.
Must be 5 years old by September 1 (School Board Policy: 1021.2).
Standard:
(K.CC.1) Count to 100 by ones and by tens.
(K.CC.2) Count forward beginning from a given number within the known sequence.
(K.CC.3) Write numbers from 0 to 20. Represent a number of objects with a written numeral 0-2- (with 0 representing a count of no objects).
Examples & Resources:
Use:
counters
number line
100’s chart
manipulatives
songs
rhymes
Literature Connections:
12 Ways to 11 by Eve Merriam
3 Little Firefighters by Stuart J. Murphy
Animals on Board by Stuart J. Murphy
Standard:
(K.C C.4) Understand the relationship between numbers and quantities; connect counting to cardinality.
a. When counting objects, say the number names in standard order, pairing each object with one and only one number name and each number name with one and only one object.
b. Understand that the last number name said tells the number of objects counted. The number of objects is the same regardless of their arrangement or the order in which they were counted.
c. Understand that each successive number name refers to a quantity that is one larger.
(K.CC.5) Count to answer “how many?” questions about as many as 20 things arranged in a line, a rectangular array or a circle, or as many as 10 things in a scattered configuration; given a number from 1-20, count out that many objects.
Examples & Resources:
Changes, Changes by Pat Hutchins
Standard:
(K.CC.6) Identify whether the number of objects in one group is greater than, less, than, or equal to the number of objects in another group (e.g., by using matching counting, or estimating strategies).
(K.CC.7) Compare and order two numbers between 1 and 10 presented as written numerals.
Examples & Resources:
Literature Connections:
Mouse Count by Ellen Stoll Walsh
Standard:
(K.OA.1) Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
(K.OA.2) Add or subtract whole numbers to 10 (e.g., by using objects or drawings to solve word problems).
(K.OA.3) Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way (e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation).
(K.OA.4) For any number from 1-4, find the number that makes 5 when added to the given number and, for any number from 1-9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number (e.g., by using objects, drawings or 10 frames) and record the answer with a drawing or equation.
(K.OA.5) Fluently add and subtract numbers up to 5.
Examples & Resources:
(K.OA.3) 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1
Standard:
(K.OA.6) Recognize, identify and continue simple patterns of color, shape, and size.
Examples & Resources:
Literature Connections:
The Grouchy Ladybug by Eric Carle
Standard:
(K.NBT.1) Compose and decompose numbers from 11 to 19 into ten ones and some further ones (e.g., by using objects or drawings) and record each composition and decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 18 = 10 + 8); understand that these numbers are composed of ten ones and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight or nine ones.
Examples & Resources:
Use:
counters
unifix cubes
snap cubes
drawing
Literature Connections:
The Button Box by Margarette Reid
The April Rabbits by David Cleveland
Standard:
(K.MD.1) Describe measureable attributes of objects (e.g., length or weight). Match measuring tools to attribute (e.g., ruler to length). Describe several measurable attributes of a single object.
(K.MD.2) Make comparisons between two objects with a measurable attribute in common to see which object has “more or”/”less of” the attribute, and describe the difference.
Examples & Resources:
(K.MD.2) Directly compare the heights of two children and describe one child as taller/shorter.
Literature Connections:
More, Fewer, Less by Tana Hoban
Mighty Maddie by Stuart Murphy
Standard:
(K.MD.3) Classify objects into given categories (attributes). Count the number of objects in each category (limit category counts to be less than or equal to 10).
Examples & Resources:
Use:
manipulatives
pictures
counters
Literature Connections:
I Spy books by Jean Marzollo & Walter Wick
Standard:
(K.MD.4) Name in sequence the days of the week.
(K.MD.5) Tell time to the hour using both analog and digital clocks.
(K.MD.6) Identify coins by name.
Examples & Resources:
Use:
real and fake coins
clocks
games
calendars
Literature Connections:
Jesse Bear, What Will You Wear? by Nancy White Carlstrom
Rosie’s Walk by Pat Hutchins
Gingerbread Boy by various authors
My Grandmother’s Clock by Geraldine McCaughrean
Standard:
(K.G.1) Describe objects in the environment using names of shapes and describe their relative positions (e.g., above, below, beside, in front of, behind, next to).
(K.G.2) Name shapes regardless of their orientation or overall size.
(K.G.3) Identify shapes as two-dimensional (flat) or three-dimensional (solid).
Examples & Resources:
Shapes include squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres.
Literature Connections:
I Spy books by Jean Marzollo & Walter Wick
Splash! by Ann Jonas
Standard:
(K.G.4) Analyze and compare two-and three-dimensional shapes, in different sizes and orientations, using informal language to describe their similarities, differences, parts (e.g., number of sides and vertices), and other attributes (e.g., having sides of equal lengths).
(K.G.5) Build shapes (e.g., using sticks and clay) and draw shapes.
(K.G.6) Put together two-dimensional shapes to form larger shapes (e.g., join two triangles with full sides touching to make a rectangle).
Examples & Resources:
Use:
geo solids
shape manipulatives
geo boards
blocks
straws
K’NEX™
popsicle sticks
clay/playdough
Foldables
Kagan Structures
Thinking Maps
Math Games
Odyssey Math
iPad Apps