The traditional education system that developed in Shargorod met the needs of children of all ages, from families of varying incomes and different views. About two dozen melameds held cheders of two levels.
All boys and many girls received their initial traditional education in cheders, but by the 1880s it was practically impossible for many to continue their education in Shargorod due to the lack of any Jewish educational institutions there.
In the town, the merchant B. Soroker built a stone two-story building, the upper floor of which was intended for the beitmidrash, and the lower for the Talmud Torah.
In the early 1890s, a private Jewish school for boys opened in Shargorod, where they taught Hebrew and Russian literacy, Jewish history, the Law of God, the Bible, and general subjects. The school provided each student with a breakfast of two cups of milk with bread. Later, in addition to the boys' school, since 1899, a private Jewish school for girls had already been operating in Shargorod.
In 1903, 31 girls were studying at the school, and the local benefactor Rivka-Rukhlya Bark taught and supported the school. Later, the school existed on parental fees for tuition. Over time, the school was transformed into a mixed contingent of students. Jewish children were also accepted into the general primary school. Nevertheless, many wealthy families still preferred to hire private teachers.
With the establishment of Soviet power, a seven-year Jewish school was opened in Shargorod (closed in 1938). In the 1930s, the director of this school was Ilya Golger, a geography teacher, his wife Anna Golger taught mathematics, Adolf Levinson taught Russian language and literature, and the primary school teacher was Tsilya Groysman. The school had its own plot of land, two horses, and agricultural equipment. Thanks to this subsidiary farm, the school was able to provide students with free lunches during the hungry years of 1931-1933.