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The Resilence Nation

Residing on the borders of Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico, the Navajo Nation fell victim to United States nuclear testing. This episode aims to inform the listeners about nuclear weapons' effect on the Navajo's culture, health, and economic impact. This is important to share because it's necessary to talk about all of the victims that were affected due to these nuclear weapons being made and used.  


Sources 


"Abandoned Mines Cleanup." EPA. Last modified January 11, 2023. Accessed April 13, 2023. https://www.epa.gov/navajo-nation-uranium-cleanup/abandoned-mines-cleanup.


Alvarez, Annette. "Native American Tribes and Economic Development." Urbanland. Last modified April 19, 2011. Accessed April 13, 2023. https://urbanland.uli.org/development-business/native-american-tribes-and-economic-development/.


"Glen Canyon Dam and the Navajo Indians." Kenyon. https://www2.kenyon.edu/projects/Dams/gsc04det.html#:~:text=Their%20way%20of%20life%20is,it%20are%20considered%20sacred.%20.%20.


JR, Harold. "Navajo Mountain – Head of the Earth." Navajo people. Last modified January 16, 2013. Accessed April 13, 2023. http://navajopeople.org/blog/navajo-mountain-head-of-the-earth/.

The Navajo believed in the traditions of the land and that they had a deeper connection with their land. Navajo Oral traditions believe the First people made the six most sacred mountain peaks, Mount Taylor, Blanca Peak, San Francisco Peaks, Hesperus Peak, Gobernador Knob, and Huerfano Mountain. Navajo Mountain, though it's not one of the six sacred peaks, has a big amount of significance for the Navajo members that they refuse to climb the mount above the lower elevations. They believe these mountains and the spirits that are inhabited them protect and help the sick f the Navajo tribe, as well as bring the rain.


June, Sam. "A Sacred Land | Sam June on growing up on the Navajo reservation." Duke Magazine. Last modified July 18, 2014. Accessed April 13, 2023. https://alumni.duke.edu/magazine/articles/sacred-land.

Many members believe that you are only allowed to do traditional ceremonies within the Navajo land. The Navajo land is also known as a matriarchal society which means women are the primary power and are known to own the land. Animals like horses are also considered sacred to their culture. Usually, when one passes away, the family members shoot their horses so they can ride together in the spirit world.


Morales, Laurel. "For the Navajo Nation, Uranium Mining's Deadly Legacy Lingers." NPR. Last modified April 10, 2016. Accessed April 13, 2023. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/04/10/473547227/for-the-navajo-nation-uranium-minings-deadly-legacy-lingers#:~:text=Many%20Navajo%20people%20have%20died,land%20between%201944%20and%201986.


Navajo code talkers admin. "Navajo Sacred Mountains." Navajo Code. Last modified June 3, 2014. Accessed April 13, 2023. https://navajocodetalkers.org/navajo-sacred-mountains/.

4 of these sacred mountains comprise the 4 corners of the Navajo land boundaries. Blanca Mountains in the East, San Francisco in the west and Mount Taylor in the south, and Hesperus in the north.


"Nuclear War: Uranium Mining and Nuclear Tests on Indigenous Lands." Cultural Survival. Last modified March 16, 2010. Accessed April 13, 2023. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/nuclear-war-uranium-mining-and-nuclear-tests-indigenous.


Pasternak, Judy. "Blighted Homeland: Navajos' Desert Cleanup No More Than a Mirage." Los Angeles Times, Nov 2006. ProQuest; SIRS Issues Researcher, https://explore.proquest.com/sirsissuesresearcher/document/2265953781?accountid=2773.


More than 1,000 mines were about since the cold war with no help of repair. The Navajo tribe leaders hoped to use superfunds to help with the repair; however, bureaucratic delays and misunderstandings between the tribe and the EPA have prevented them from being able to use it. Due to this, the Navajo tribe had to settle for partial cleanup, leaving many hazards untouched. One major hazard is the Church Rock mine, an abandoned Uranium site. 30 feet of grit and dynamited stone towers over a group of 15 homes that deal with radioactive dust as the winds blow for hours at a time. Still, it wasn't until 2003 that the U.S. government finally stepped in after residents and tribal leaders turned to Navajo activists for help. United Nuclear Corp. And General electric co. made negotiations with the EPA to help clean up the Navajo tribe and attempted to gain the U.S help on multiple occasions, as former miners began dying from lung cancer and respiratory disease, caused by the radioactive materials and radiation, many members came to wonder if it was an endangerment to their family and children. At first, they demanded 6.7 million from federal court claims to clean around 300 mines; however, the judge rejected the claim. After, they attempted to sue the mining companies, but since most of these mines were conducted with government approval it was unlikely they would win. For many years it was an ongoing battle between the U.S. gov and the Navajo tribe members. The Navajo tribe wasn't taken as seriously and their outcries were not heard. Investigations in the mines to determine the radiations levels revealed over 28 mines to be extremely hazardous under superfund criteria; nevertheless, those mines were nt put on the priority list


Richardson, G. D. (2008, 06/20). U.S. Agencies to Clean Up Uranium on Navajo Land. Gannett News Service https://explore.proquest.com/sirsissuesresearcher/document/2267887130?accountid=2773


Tebor, Celina. "For Native Americans, Clean Water Is Rare." SIRS. Last modified June 28, 2021. Accessed April 13, 2023. https://explore.proquest.com/sirsissuesresearcher/document/2545709883?searchid=1680411886&accountid=2773.


since 2021 a rough estimation of 30 to 40 percent of Navajo members still doesn't have access to piped water. For many, soda is more accessible and cheaper than clean drinking water. Waters from wells have filtration systems to take out uranium but still struggle with arsenic.