My Internship

Abstract

The spinal cord is a critical part of the central nervous system that facilitates communication between the brain and the body. The Yadav lab is researching the use of spinal cord stimulation to enhance sensory perception. This involves stimulating rodent models in different patterns to produce different sensations that can be easily interpreted by the nervous system. The rats are trained to distinguish these patterns through operant conditioning. Through this research, the Yadav lab hopes to develop stimulation-based therapies that can be used to explore sensory pathways for brain machine interfaces and neuroprosthetics. By advancing our understanding of how spinal cord stimulation can improve nervous system function, this research may lead to new treatments for people with neurological conditions.

My lab combines both biomedical engineering and neuroscience by using neurostimulation tools to treat neurodegenerative conditions and spinal conditions. Using these tools, they are able to analyze the data to see their effect on rodents. Using MATLab, we are able to perform operant conditioning on water deprived rats by emulating a spine condition by sitmulating their spine using electric pulses. Globally, this research will be able to expand the development of brain-spine machine interfaces to help with treating neurological disorders. 

Learning and Skills

One of my main talents is my willingness to learn. My lab is heavily based on biomedical enginneering which is something I have never studied before. By tapping into my prior knowledge from earlier classes, I can draw connections from my past neuroscience and calculus classes and apply that to the lab work. Since my background is different than the other people working in my lab, I can also bring a new perspective to the table. 

I want to learn about how to use MATLAB in order to analyze data as well as learn more about operant conditioning in general. I want to learn more about connections bewteen biomedical engineering and neuroscience, as I believe that the two fields are very closely intertwined. While I will start with training the rats, I am most excited about being given the opportunity to be able to start my own project and collect data on the rats and derive my own conclusions. I am also excited about being able to handle live specimen for the very first time. In class labs, I have only been able to collect data on dead specimen through performing dissections, so being able to see how the rats are reacting to stimulus is a big change. 

To me, independence is performing the experiments on my own and being an avid contributer in my lab. I have been here for a couple months and I have started handling the live specimen. I am also forming important bonds with each of my lab members, so I really feel like I am part of the team. I am starting to feel more confident with understanding how to present what I am working on at lab meetings and try to act as a helper to the people around me. To continue growing the skills, I plan on coming in to lab more often. I need to communicate my schedule and my working hours better since I don't necessarily need to be there when other people are there. This way, I can work on practicing independence on my own schedule instead of constantly relying on my coworkers for help. 

The internship relies on a biomedical engineering background; however, there is a heavy emphasis on neuroscience. I have been trying to fit in my neuroscience background into my internship, by doing research on different structures in the rat brain and spinal cord. I have also been helping out on the operant conditioning side, and using my neuroscience background to understand the goal of the research.  My internship allows for application of different neuroscience techniques, such as operant conditioning, that I have only read about before. By watching it in action, and seeing the decision making that the rats have to do has caused me to gain a further understanding of the application of operant conditioning. As I have progressed through my neuroscience classes and through my data science minor, I can see a heavy connection with this internship and the classes I am taking. I am applying the programming knowledge I have learned in the lab to my data science classes, and am understanding meaningful applications to understand the brain pathways in my neuroscience classes.

I have grown a lot as an intern working at the Stark research institute. The last year, I have gained independence in the lab, and I have been becoming much more involved in the ongoing projects. I go to the weekly lab meetings and share what I am working on as well as comment on the my coworkers' weekly progress. I see how they are implementing different techniques to perform their experiment, and can learn about the coupling of the programming methods and the neuroscience background used. 

The Workplace

The behaviors that I have seen in the lab is that everyone is really supportive of each others endeavors and offers constructive criticism wherever they can. Everyone in the lab is at different spots and most people are working on a different project. However, when we all come together for the lab meetings, everyone offers their own advice or asks questions in order to help one another create a proper, well-run experiment. Along the same lines, I am constantly learning and looking to grow both personally and professionally. I want to work on being able to offer advice myself and start becoming more independent in the workplace. 

I am the only LHSI intern at my lab, but being able to work with my teammates and coworkers has been a really helpful experience for me. All of them are all still in school and are all at different points in life. Some of them are finishing up master's degrees, others PhD's, and some medical school. Learning about their journeys has been really beneficial for me to understand where I would like to see myself in the upcoming years and how I can use my education to my advantage in the workplace. When I started working, I expected the work to move a lot faster. However, research is an ongoing process and it can take a long time to obtain the data you want and to teach the rats the experiment. An issue we have come across is sometimes the rats unlearn what has been taught to them, so the time of the experiment doubles, and it can feel like we are moving backwards rather than forwards. 

My attitudes and beliefs have been impacted from working with my coworkers. Everyone comes from such different backgrounds and they all are interested in different parts of brain-spine interfaces. After talking to each of my coworkers about their research it is clear that all of their research can come down to the common goal of wanting to create technology that can be applied to clinical studies in helping patients with spinal injuries through spinal cord stimulation to develop neuroprosthetics. As a professional, this has helped me grow because I can see how many areas are in need of more research in neurology, and I would like to be a part in the advancement of the field. 

Successes and Challenges

As an intern I have found many successes in being able to understand the goal of the research being performed. One of my biggest points is that I came into this internship with very little background in biomedical engineering. Being able to understand what we were looking at by fluctuating the CV in the operant conditioning experiments was a big "win" for me. At the beginning of the year I was incredibly overwhelmed with how much I just didn't know about the experiments, and all of my coworkers seemed to be experts. I have been able to come to a point where I understand what is being discussed in the lab, and I feel like an adequate helper as well. To get to this point, I had to start with the basics to understand what the point of the CV was, and look into the basic coding of MATLab. The coding of MATLab was quite complex for me having no coding background, so that is still a work in progress, but I am feeling more confident in the structure of the experiments themselves. After a year, I have found a lot of success in completing the operant conditioning experiments on my own. I help the rats understand how to identify different CVs under a specific frequency. I have also been learning how to handle animal models in the lab, and how to acclimate them to the experimental setting. I have also been having a lot of success in the lab meetings; by learning about other people's research I have been able to connect the internship back to my classes at a higher level. This helps me see the importance in my research and become more passionate about it. 

My success is more of a double edged sword, and was also the most challenging part of my experience. Like I said above, there were times when my coworkers were talking about portions of the experiment, or specific aspects of what we were looking at, and I found myself completely lost. I wanted to be helpful, and I felt bad about asking so many questions for clarification purposes. This also led to me feeling guilty, because I needed to go back and relearn the basics of the experiment before I could even consider independence on running the experiments by myself. As the semester progressed, I became less wary of asking questions,  because through those questions I can further my understanding and be more helpful in the lab. I also started to stop feeling as guilty about my lack of independence in the experiments, because it can take a lot of time to grasp especially when I am working with live specimen. There are a lot of rules to follow and I have been greatly appreciative of having someone there with me to help me understand how to run the operant conditioning on the rats. After a year, I can confidently say my internship team has been so supportive with overcoming my setbacks. They have helped me in debugging the code in MATLab and learn the basics of Python. They have given me more insight on the different brain-spine pathways, and taught me so much more about the importance of this research in advancing the field of spinal stimulation. Whenever I am confused, I feel comfortable shooting a quick text or a Slack message to my coworkers and they are always ready to help me learn more. They are always open to answer my questions and offer different ways to overcome a problem.