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Origin
Origin
Buddhism is an ancient Indian religion, which is one of the world's major religions, encompasses a diverse array of philosophical beliefs, practices, and cultural expressions, and is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha("Awakened One").
With an estimated 500 million to one billion followers.
Main Idea
Main Idea
诸行无常；Everything is impermanent;
诸法无我；All phenomena are without self
诸行皆苦；All life involves suffering
因执著而生苦。Suffering arises because of grasping(attachment, clinging)
Impermanence
Impermanence
Four classic Buddhist expressions of impermanence:
What is accumulated will disperse
What is exalted will fall
All gatherings end in separation
What is born must die
What Is Impermanence?
All things are in constant change — nothing is fixed or permanent.
Impermanence is not pessimism but possibility — because things change, growth and transformation are always possible.
We suffer when we expect life to be stable, predictable, controllable.
How Everybody Embodies Impermanence
Random lottery casting → identity and hierarchy shift every night; nothing is stable.
Death comes suddenaly and without warning in this production — a direct expression of impermanence.
Gatherings separate: Stuff, Kinship, Friendship, Strength, and Beauty all abandon him.
Non-Self
Non-Self
What Is Non-Self?
No permanent, independent “I.”
“I” is a process, not an entity.
How Everybody Embodies Non-Self
Role assignment by nightly lottery → self is circumstantial, not fixed.
No actor “owns” a character → identity is fluid and interchangeable.
Everybody clings to elements he believes form his identity:
Stuff (possessions)
Kinship (family roles)
Friendship (social bonds)
Strength & Beauty (body, youth, ability)
Final realization: Nothing he clung to is truly “I.”
Suffering
Suffering
The Eight Sufferings (Buddhism)
Birth → uncertainty, vulnerability, dependence
Aging → decline of body & mind
Illness → exposure of bodily fragility
Death → fear of disappearance; the unknown
Separation from what we love
Encountering what we dislike
Unfulfilled desire / craving not met
The suffering of the Five Skandhas
constant shifting of form, feeling, perception, volition, consciousness → inner unrefferingst
How Everybody Embodies Suffering
Lottery opening → you can not choose who you are
Sudden appearance of Death → aging & illness; confrontation with bodily impermanence
Stuff, Kinship, Friendship abandoning Everybody → separation from what we love
Everybody’s desperate pleas → unfulfilled desire (craving for companionship, permanence)
Life/death and Karma
Life/death and Karma
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