Grammar
Grammar Study Sheet
Sentences
Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that tells a complete idea. It begins with a capital letter. Many sentences end with a period (.).
Example:
The cat is on a mat. <-------- This is a sentence.
on a mat <---------------- This is not a sentence.
Word Order
The order of the words in the sentence must make sense.
Example:
Zoo is at the Ned. <------- These words are not in the right order.
Ned is at the zoo. <------- These words are in the right order.
Telling Sentences
A telling sentence tells something. It is a statement. It begins with a capital letter. It usually ends with a period (.).
Example:
The bird has a nest.
The nest is in a tree.
Questions
A question is an asking sentence. It begins with a capital letter. It ends with a question mark (?).
Example:
What will we see?
Is that a zebra?
Grammar Rules
Nouns
A noun is the name of a person, place, animal, or thing.
My brother sees a zebra at the zoo.
Nouns can mean more than one. Many nouns add -s to mean more than one.
boy + s = boys
lion + s = lions
store + s = stores
book + s = books
Nouns in sentences- A noun can be in more than one place in a sentence.
The bird sits on the nest.
Proper nouns are special names for people, places, animals, and things. They begin with uppercase letters.
Jack lives in Philadelphia.
He plays football for the Eagles.
He lives on West Street.
At home, Jack takes his dog Tiger for a walk in Pretzel Park.
Then Jack meets his friend Ben at Applebee's for dinner.
Verbs
Action Verbs
An action verb tells what a person, animal, or thing can do.
I can read a book. Kim feeds the dog.
This plane will fly high. A rabbit hops fast.
Verbs can tell what happened in the past. Some verbs that tell about the past end in -ed.
-Yesterday we baked cookies. -Last week Dan walked to the park. -Nan picked flowers yesterday.
Verbs of Being
The verbs am, is, and are tell about now. Use am or is to tell about one. Use are to tell about more than one.
I am a nurse. Sue is a nurse. Beth and Jack are nurses.
The verbs was and were tell about the past. Use was to tell about one. Use were to tell about more than one.
I was home. Luke was home. Matt and Rose were home.
Contractions
A contraction is a short way to put two words together.
An apostrophe (') is used in place of the missing letter or letters.
I am in first grade.
I'm in first grade.
do + not= don't is + not= isn't
can + not= can't are + not= aren't
does + not= doesn't they + are= they're
*will + not= won't
he + is= he's you + are= you're
it + is= it's we + are= we're
she + is= she's they + are= they're
that + is= that's
I + will= I'll it + will= it'll
he + will= he'll we + will= we'll
she + will= she'll you + will= you'll
they + will= they'll
I + have= I've you + have= you've
we + have= we've they + have= they've
Adjectives
An adjective describes a person, place, animal, or thing.
- An adjective can tell how something looks, sounds, tastes, feels, or smells.
- Some adjectives name shapes.
I sit at a round desk.
- Some adjectives describe size.
big small long short
Mike at a big piece of cake.
- Some adjectives name colors.
I have a red coat.
- Some adjectives tell how many.
The car has four doors.
We invited some friends to the party.
- Some adjectives tell what kind.
I heard a loud sound.
The funny clown made faces.
Grammar Study Sheet
Sentence Types
A sentence is a group of words that tells a complete idea. It begins with a capital letter. There are four types of sentences.
Telling Sentences
A telling sentences tells something. It is a statement. It begins with a capital letter. It ends with a period ( . ).
- The bird has a nest.
- The nest is in a tree.
Questions
A question is an asking sentence. It begins with a capital letter. It ends with a question mark ( ? ).
- What will we see?
- Is that a zebra?
Commands
A command is a sentence that tells someone to do something. It begins with a capital letter.
It can end with a period ( . ) or an exclamation point ( ! ).
- Please watch the dog.
- Let me help you.
Exclamations
An exclamation is a sentence that shows strong feeling. It begins with a capital letter. It ends with an exclamation mark ( ! ).
- The kitten needs help!
- It must be lost!
