Agriculture and use of fertilisers and pesticides: the village of Padul has always been mainly agricultural and livestock farming, especially with the cultivation of olive trees and vineyards. Nowadays a mosaic of crops predominates, combining dry and irrigated farming. The draining of the wetland was initiated for two main reasons: to eradicate malaria and to put it under cultivation (beet, cereals, tobacco and vegetable fields of no more than 10 hectares). However, this activity has been reduced in the area since the beginning of the 20th century due to urbanisation. Excessive use of fertilisers can lead to soil salinisation, which makes it more difficult for plants to grow and develop properly. Excess nutrients in the water, as a result of fertiliser use, can lead to eutrophication, which is the overgrowth of algae and aquatic plants. This results in oxygen depletion in the water and the death of aquatic animals.

Infrastructures and urban area: the wetland receives wastewater from the village of Padul, and discharges from agricultural leachate and livestock slurry. The population of the village of Padul is on the increase, both due to population growth and the rise in popularity of second homes in Spain. There are various infrastructures for public use, promoted by the Town Council of Padul, together with the Regional Ministry of the Environment ("Consejería de Medio Ambiente", Junta de Andalucía). Most of them are related to the exploitation of the area (access roads, wetland drainage channels). The construction of infrastructures can fragment the wetland landscape, which has negative effects on animal mobility and seed dispersal. It can also lead to soil and water pollution due to the use of construction materials and waste disposal.

Impact of mining and quarrying: Peat exploitation (mining) rights are still in place, putting the area at risk. Mining and quarrying activities can contaminate groundwater and surface water sources in the wetland. Chemicals used in mining and quarrying, as well as waste generated, infiltrate groundwater aquifers and contaminate water sources. Both groups of lagoons in the area's lagoon system (the Agia lagoons and ponds and the Laguna Grande del Padul) have ditches leading from them, which distribute the water that emerges from within the earth to fill and drain the million-year-old lakes, which in Padul are called "madres", as they not only serve to transport and drain the water, but are also the source of the ecosystems and biodiversity of the area.  There are currently two peat exploitations: the Turbera del Agia and the Turbera del Aguadero, mainly for the improvement of agricultural soils and for domestic gardening. In addition to the above, this can contribute to soil erosion in the wetland, which has a negative impact on soil quality and the capacity of the wetland to retain water.

Noise pollution: 'Noise pollution is understood to be the presence in the environment of noise or vibrations, whatever the acoustic emitter that originates them, that imply a nuisance, risk or damage to people, to the development of their activities or to goods of any nature, or that cause significant effects on the environment'. Website of the Third Vice-Presidency of the Government, Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge ("Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico"). Very close to the area of the lagoons and the wetland, we find the road. The high noise levels can alter the behaviour of the fauna inhabiting the wetland, such as birds, amphibians, fish and mammals, and can interfere with their migration, feeding and reproduction patterns.

Dust: the release of dust into the atmosphere can affect air quality, which has negative effects on the environment and the health of living beings in the area. As in all ecosystems of this type, dust can also be deposited in water, affecting water quality and reducing its ability to support aquatic life. Dust deposited on plants and trees is also capable of reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the leaves, causing difficulties in photosynthesis and thus slowing their growth and reproduction. Dust affects the health of animals living in the wetland, especially those that feed on contaminated plants or drink contaminated water.

Fragmentation: fragmentation can affect the structure and composition of the wetland ecosystem, with consequences for the food chain and the survival of wetland-dependent species. Fragmented ecosystems are more vulnerable to external disturbances (due to reduced resilience), such as forest fires, disease and invasion by exotic species. Fragmentation can reduce the capacity of the wetland to provide ecosystem services, such as water purification, climate regulation and flood control.

https://www.ugr.es/~jadelmo/Problemas.htm 

https://www.adurcal.com/enlaces/mancomunidad/guia/rutas/laguna/hidro/Ficha_informativa_Sitio_Ramsar_Turberas_Padul.pdf 

https://www.informa.es/directorio-empresas/A000_AGRICULTURA-GANADERIA-SILVICULTURA-PESCA/Localidad_PADUL-GRANADA.html 

Impacts on the route that alter the landscape: there are some signs and rubbish left by visitors. There are also remains of the old exploitation of the peat bog that remain and could be a danger to animals that are cut by the rusty pipes.