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DARK MATTER
Dark matter is a hypothetical form of matter thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe. Dark matter is composed of particles that do not absorb, reflect, or emit light, so they cannot be detected by observing electromagnetic radiation. Dark matter is material that cannot be seen directly. We know that dark matter exists because of the effect it has on objects that we can observe directly. Dark matter is the term astronomers use to describe material in the universe that does not emit or reflect light and is, therefore, invisible. Stars, nebulae, and galaxies are examples of luminous objects in the sky. The rest of the matter is cold and dark, hidden from people's direct view. These possibilities are known as massive compact halo objects, or "MACHOs". But the most common view is that dark matter is not baryonic at all, but that it is made up of other, more exotic particles like axions or WIMPS (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). Dark matter is the most mysterious, non-interacting substance in the Universe. Its gravitational effects are necessary to explain the rotation of galaxies, the motions of clusters, and the largest scale-structure in the entire Universe. In theory, macros could directly interact with physical objects such as human bodies, causing "significant damage," according to the new study titled "Death by Dark Matter." Damage from such a collision would be comparable to a gunshot wound, the researchers wrote. Generally, the phrase “touch” implies some surface contact between your skin and a substance. This contact fundamentally relies on electromagnetic interactions in the atoms and molecules in your skin. Since dark matter does not interact electromagnetically, you cannot touch it in the conventional sense. Dark matter which has never been directly observed is thought to constitute the majority of matter in the universe and act as the unseen scaffolding upon which galaxies form and develop. A black hole is a point in space where matter is so tightly compacted it creates intense gravity. Several scientific groups, including one at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, are currently working to generate dark matter particles for study in the lab. Other scientists think the effects of dark matter could be explained by fundamentally modifying our theories of gravity. Although the names sound vague and almost fictional, the types of matter called antimatter, dark matter, dark energy, and degenerate matter are all different, specific entities that really exist in our universe. Antimatter is just regular matter with a few properties flipped, such as the electric charge. Unlike normal matter, dark matter does not interact with the electromagnetic force. This means it does not absorb, reflect or emit light, making it extremely hard to spot. Antimatter may exist in relatively large amounts in far-away galaxies due to cosmic inflation in the primordial time of the universe. The term dark matter was coined in 1933 by Fritz Zwicky of the California Institute of Technology to describe the unseen matter that must dominate one feature of the universe the Coma Galaxy Cluster. Discovering just one dozen dark particles would be enough to throw all of modern physics for a loop. Considering the LUX experiment cost about $10 million to build, that puts the effective price of dark matter at, oh, about one million trillion trillion dollars per ounce.
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