Genetics and Evolution

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Junior Grade Consistency

LOCKDOWN UPDATE 22/08/21:

This week (23-27 August) is Week 5 of term. You should have (hopefully) completed up to the end Karyotypes.

The topics to look at this week are Punnett Squares and Mutations.

Send me an email if you have any questions or need help: ay@hornby.school.nz

Remember to use Quizlet to practice those key words and definitions :)

Click Here for QUIZLET

SciPAD Online:

Go to https://scipadonline.co.nz/login

Use your school google account details.

Class code is: JJ89H

The Chapter we are working on is Genetics and Evolution.

The section for Week 5 is Monohybrid Crosses.

Year 10 Scipad online login: 22/08/21 .webm

Reproduction

SciPAD 131 or SciPAD online section "Reproduction and Variation"

Asexual- produces an identical clone from 1 parent
Sexual- uses 2 parents to make offspring different to parents

To Create Tasks

Variation

Continous Variation is differences that are measurable- like height, weight, hand span.
Discontinuous Variation is split into categories- like eye colour, shoe size, curling your tongue, widows peak.

SciPAD 132-134 or

SciPAD online "Reproduction and Variation"

To Create Tasks

DNA

SciPAD 135-141 or SciPAD online sections "Introduction to the study of genetics" and "A closer look at DNA"

Karyotypes

SciPAD 139 or SciPAD online section "Karyotypes"

Things to know:

DNA Structure
Nucleotide
Gene and Allele
Trait

To Create Tasks

Punnett Squares

SciPAD 142-148

SciPAD online sections "Boy or Girl", "Punnett Squares and Inheritance", and "Pure Breeding".

Punnett Squares are a way of predicting the possible offspring of a mating, based on the alleles present by the parents, for the feature being looked at.

Alleles are inherited in pairs- one from each parent. Depending on the alleles inherited as to what feature is expressed (shows through).

Words to Know:

Dominant- The feature of that allele is always expressed. It is represented by a CAPITAL LETTER. eg. H
Recessive- The feature of that allele is only expressed if no dominant allele is present. It is represented by a lower case letter. eg. h
Heterozygous- when the two alleles inherited are different eg. Hh
Homozygous- when the two alleles inherited are the same eg. HH or hh.

Punnett Squares Yr10 22/08/21.webm

A little video guide to Punnett Squares

To Create Tasks

SciPAD 150

SciPAD online section "Producing New Alleles"

Mutations

The only way to get a NEW feature in a population is by Mutation. Theses are mistakes in the DNA copying that change the allele for a gene, or all the instructions on a whole chromosome.

To Create Tasks

Types of Selection

SciPAD 151-153

SciPAD online sections "Artificial Selection" + "Natural Selection"

Artificial Selection- Features are chosen because of peoples preference

Natural Selection- Features are passed on because they help with the survival of a species.

To Create Tasks

Darwin and Evolution

SciPAD 154-155

SciPAD online section "Darwin and Evolution"

Darwin found evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection. This is the idea that those individuals that are best suited to their environment survive and reproduce. "Survival of the Fittest"

To Create Tasks

Evidence of Evolution

SciPAD 156-157

SciPAD online section "Layers and Fossils"

Fossils- changing bone structures
Observation of species e.g Galapagos Finches
Similar features evolving in different species

To Create Tasks

Geological Time

SciPAD 158-162

SciPAD online section "Layers and Fossils"

To Create Tasks

Cloning is making an identical copy of a living thing.

Need to know:

Advantages of cloning
Disadvantages of cloning
Issues with cloning

Cloning

SciPAD 163-167

SciPAD online section "Cloning"

To Create Tasks

Extra activities for if you reach mutations and want to do more:

You could choose to do an investigation:

- - Investigate how to extract DNA from a banana
  - Investigate how to denature DNA
  - Investigate how gel electrophoresis works

You could choose to do a research topic:

- - Whakapapa / Family Tree
  - Ethics of Cloning
  - Where did Humans originate?
  - Darwinism - find out about his theory of "Survival of the Fittest" or about his adventures on the beagle.
  - What happens if you have extra sex chromosomes?
  - How about if you have more, or less, than 23 pairs of chromosomes?
  - Genetic disorders - Haemophilia, Cystic Fibrosis, Colour-Blindness, Huntingtons Disease, Baldness, Sickle-Anemia
  - Should we use GMO food in our diet?

You could build a model:

- - Build a DNA molecule using things you have at home (could even use baking) etc.
  - Use plasticine/clay to build a mutated monster
  - Build a DNA bracelet using beads

You could design:

- - Design a poster for helping you to revise this topic
  - Design a series of genetic memes
  - Design an animation that shows the structure of DNA

You could produce:

- - A poem/song about any genetic concept - DNA, Survival of the Fittest

These should be shared through your Blog, but could be presented in any way:

Poster
Model
Slideshow
Stop Motion
Comic Strip
Google Drawing
Animation using slides

Check out some examples and guides for how to make these :)

How to make.... STOP MOTION VIDEOS

How to make an Animation with slides

How to Make Comic Strips with Google Draw

Example Posters

Example Slideshow- Genetics

Example Slideshow

Example Models- Genetics

Models/ Baking

Example of Animation: Chickenzilla

Example Animation

Example Song Parody

Example Stop Motion

Activities to do alongside the SciPAD chapter:

1. Kiwifruit DNA extraction- 1 lesson

Produce a blog post with the following:

What you thing the DNA will look like and why
Method for extraction
What happened (include photos if possible!)

Instructions: www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-biology/extracting-dna-living-things

Natural Selection- Finch Beak Activity

2. Darwin Finch investigation

Write a blog post explaining what you did, and what you learnt in relation to beak size

3. Chapter Summary: 2-3 lessons

Create a Poster, PowerPoint, Model or Stop Motion to explain 4 of the ideas learnt in the topic. Use the 10 Key Concepts at the top of the page to choose your 4 ideas.

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