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What do we study as part of anatomy?
What do we study as part of anatomy?
Anatomy very simply looks at the structures of the body and how they work together. We'll look to use this base and apply it to sport. What you will eventually cover are the following;
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Energy systems
Below we'll be looking at the skeletal system and the muscular system. Read through and complete the tasks so you can see what we do at Hartlepool Sixth Form!
The skeletal system
The skeletal system
Why do we need the skeleton?
Why do we need the skeleton?
The skeletal system supports lots of different functions but the main one we'll be looking at first is movement. The muscles in the body attach to the skeleton via tendons and when these muscles go across a joint they can then move that joint.
Below is a booklet to read through for the information needed at the start of our anatomy unit.
You'll then find a quiz to test your knowledge! It's only six questions. Have a go and see how you get on!
TASK
TASK
What movements are important in your sports?
Which do you think are the most common?
See if you can identify five different movements in your sport and give examples of when they happen
What movements are important in your sports?
Which do you think are the most common?
See if you can identify five different movements in your sport and give examples of when they happen
The muscular system
The muscular system
Understanding the muscular system
Understanding the muscular system
The muscular system brings a lot of new terminology when you start college. Some muscles you'll likely be familiar with such as the 'biceps and the quadriceps' however we go one step further!
Watch the video to see how the quadriceps are split into four different muscles.
Developing your knowledge of the muscular system
Developing your knowledge of the muscular system
Underneath this you will find a Google slide of the human body that shows the anterior (front) and posterior (back) of the body. What I'd like you to do either using the diagram attached, finding your own or drawing your own is to label the diagram with the muscles that are on the second slide.
Why do we need to know so many muscles?
All of these muscles cause movements. For example, when you contract your biceps brachii muscle concentrically (shortening) it causes flexion at the elbow due to the muscle cross the elbow joint. If you were ever injured a good physiotherapist would be able to diagnose injuries based on movements that might cause you pain. If you're thinking of pursuing a career as a physiotherapist or sports therapist an in-depth knowledge of the muscular system is essential!
Ready for a test?
Once you've complete your very own labelled muscular system try the test! You have ten minutes to label 25 muscles. Keep trying until you hit 100% and then the challenge is to see how quickly you can do it!
The muscoskeletal system
The muscoskeletal system
Flexion in action
Flexion in action
From our earlier content we know that flexion is when the angle of the joint decreases. As you can see above we have flexion at the hip and knee. As we move into the course we add more detail into our movement analysis. In this example we'd be asking;
What muscles are causing flexion at the hip and the knee?
What types of contractions are happening?
For the hip we have a group of muscles known as the hips flexors that cause flexion at the hip in this example. The muscle used is also known as the iliopsoas. At the knee the muscle keeping the knee flexed would be the 'hamstrings'. For this type of question we wouldn't expect you to split the hamstrings into the three muscles that make it up.
The contraction that is happening is known as a 'concentric' contraction which means the muscle is shortening. You may of heard of 'antagonistic pairs' from school. If we were to pair the iliopsoas with it's antagonistic partner it would be paired with the gluteus maximus. So when one of these muscles are shortening the other is relaxing and lengthening.
Extension in action
Extension in action
As previously mentioned, extension is when the angle at the joint increases. As you can see in the video above Dwayne Wade goes from a flexed position at the knee to extension as he shoots. Again the questions on this would be;
What muscles are causing extension at the hip and the knee?
What types of contractions are happening?
In this example extension is being caused by the gluteus maximus. This large muscle allows Wade to extend at the hips during his jump. At the knee the muscle causing extension would be the quadriceps. Similarly to the hamstrings we wouldn't expect you to split the quadriceps muscle into it's four sections when completing movement analysis.
The contractions are again concentric as both muscles are shortening in this action above. When Wade lands and moves in a downwards direction the type of contraction would be known as 'eccentric'. At this point the muscle is lengthening but it's important that it doesn't relax as it is helping the joints absorb the force of the landing.
FURTHER RESEARCH: Below find an example of an online lesson and other examples of topics that we cover as part of our A-level and BTEC courses
FURTHER RESEARCH: Below find an example of an online lesson and other examples of topics that we cover as part of our A-level and BTEC courses
I hope all of the tasks have given you an insight into what we'll be completing at the college. If you have any other questions regarding the anatomy and physiology units or any questions about our courses please feel free to get in touch via the e-mail address below.
I hope all of the tasks have given you an insight into what we'll be completing at the college. If you have any other questions regarding the anatomy and physiology units or any questions about our courses please feel free to get in touch via the e-mail address below.
Stay safe, stay active and we look forward to seeing you soon!
Stay safe, stay active and we look forward to seeing you soon!
Tom.Heselton@hartlepoolsixth.ac.uk
Tom.Heselton@hartlepoolsixth.ac.uk
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