Select and apply procedures accurately, efficiently and flexibly to solve mathematical and real-world problems; explaining one’s solution pathway. Analyze results, evaluate progress and check answers. Transfer procedures to different problems and contexts; and recognize when one is more strategic to apply than another.
Anchor Standard 2 emphasizes procedural fluency, or the ability to solve a variety of equations using the four operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Students will fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers. They will also add and subtract fractions with like denominators.
Students will multiply whole numbers by 10, 100, and 1,000 using their knowledge of place value. They will multiply four-digit whole numbers by a single-digit whole number, and two-digit by two-digit.
Finally, students will divide multi-digit whole numbers by single-digit whole numbers.
Justify why the comparison of decimals to the hundredths and whole numbers with an emphasis on place value and equality is true.
Use an understanding of place value to multiply a number by 10, 100 and 1,000.
Fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers.
Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number and multiply two two-digit numbers, using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations. Justify the calculation by using equations, rectangular arrays and/or area models.
Solve multi-step, real-world and mathematical problems requiring the use of addition, subtraction and multiplication of multi-digit whole numbers. Use various strategies, including the relationship between operations, the use of technology and the context of the problem to assess the reasonableness of results.
Use strategies and algorithms based on knowledge of place value, equality and properties of operations to divide multi-digit whole numbers by one-digit divisor. Strategies may include mental strategies, partial quotients and the commutative, associative and distributive properties.
Use fraction models to add and subtract fractions with like denominators in real-world and mathematical situations. Develop a rule for addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators.
Write your own word problems using the natural area around you as inspiration! This would be a great follow-up activity after a field trip, too. Students can work in teams or on their own to write a variety of single- and multi-step word problems using all four operations.
Possible word problems might include:
If the class hiked 1.25 miles one way to the lake, then hiked back on the same route, and did this 5 different times during the school year, how many miles did they hike altogether?
Yesterday, we kayaked 7 miles and stopped at the midway point. How many miles did we kayak before stopping?
If each student in our class walked about 65 steps on our walk to lunch, how many steps did our entire class take?
There are 14 geese flying overhead in that one flock. How many geese if there were 10 flocks? 100, 1000?
We saw 5 squirrels in the tree outside our window today. If every tree in the schoolyard gets 5 squirrel visitors, how many squirrels were climbing altogether?
Grab some string, flagging tape, or rope, and go outside to group some trees! This activity will work best in a forest or wooded area.
Mark each grouping of trees in a different color. Write equations in the snow, with sidewalk chalk, or on a whiteboard/notebook. For example: If there are 3 pink trees, 3 white trees, and 3 yellow trees, how many trees altogether? Equation: 3x3x3=9 trees.
Go on a walk and look for animal tracks in the snow! Even in urban areas, your students will most likely find squirrel or dog tracks. Before starting your walk, show students photos of different animal tracks, or use kid-friendly field guides.
Then, begin your search. Write equations about what you find: There are 4 squirrel pawprints in each set of tracks, and we found 5 sets of pawprints. How many pawprints did we see? You can include additional factors by multiplying by the number of toes each animal has! Squirrels have 4 toes on their front feet and 5 toes on their hind feet, deer have two toes on all feet, and dogs have 4 toes on all feet.
Possible Extension: Take photos of your findings and display them alongside your equations!