Flora and Fauna

American flora & Fauna

Russian flora & Fauna

Russia has several soil and vegetation zones, each with its characteristic flora and fauna. Northernmost is the so-called arctic desert zone, which includes most of the islands of the Arctic Ocean and the seacoast of the Taymyr Peninsula. These areas are characterized by the almost complete absence of plant cover; only mosses and lichens are to be found. Birds and mammals associated with the sea as sea calf, seal, and walrus are typical of this zone.

The tundra, which extends along the extreme northern part of Asia, is divided into arctic, moss-lichen, and shrubby tundra sub zones. Only dwarf birches, willows, lichens, and mosses grow in the thin layer of acidic soil. Indigenous fauna include the arctic fox, reindeer, white hare, lemming, and common and willow ptarmigan.

The South of the tundra is the vast forest zone, or taiga, covering half of the country; the soil here is podzolic. The northern areas of this zone are characterized by the alternation of tundra landscape with sparse growth of birches, other deciduous trees, and spruce. Farther south are spruce, pine, fir, cedar, and some deciduous trees. There are sub zones of mixed and broad leaf forests on the Great Russian Plain in the southern half of the forest zone. Wildlife in the taiga include moose, Russian bear, reindeer, lynx, sable, squirrel, and among the birds, capercaillie, hazel-grouse, owl, and woodpecker. In the broad leaf woods are European wild boar, deer, roe deer, red deer, mink, and marten.Farther south is the forest-steppe zone, a narrow band with the boundaries of the Great Russian plain and the West Siberian low country. Steppes with various grasses alternate with small tracts of oak, birch, and aspen. Still farther south, the forest-steppe changes to a region of varied grasses and small plants. The black and chestnut soils of this zone produce the best agricultural land in Russia. Typical mammals are various rodents as hamsters and jerboas; birds include skylarks, cranes, eagles, and the great bustard.

indian flora & fauna

The flora of India is one of the richest in the world due to the wide range of climate, topology and habitat in the country. There are estimated to be over 18,000 species of flowering plants in India, which constitute some 6-7 percent of the total plant species in the world. India is home to more than 50,000 species of plants, including a variety of endemics. The use of plants as a source of medicines has been an integral part of life in India from the earliest times. There are more than 3000 Indian plant species officially documented as possessing into eight main floristic regions : Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Indus plain, Ganges plain, the Deccan, Malabar and the Andaman Islands.

India is home to several well-known large mammals, including the Asian elephant, Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, leopard and Indian rhinoceros. Some of these animals are engrained in culture, often being associated with deities. These large mammals are important for wildlife tourism in India, and several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries cater to these needs. The popularity of these charismatic animals have helped greatly in conservation efforts in India. The tiger has been particularly important.There are about 2,546 species of fishes which are about 11% of the world species, are found in Indian waters. About 197 species of amphibians that are 4.4% of the world total and more than 408 reptile species that are 6% of the world total are found in India. Among these groups the highest levels of endemism are found in the amphibians.There are about 1,250 species of birds from India, with some variations, depending on taxonomic treatments, accounting for about 12% of the world species.There are about 410 species of mammals known from India, which is about 8.86% of the world species.

Credits: Artworks by Mohit, Deepak, Anjali, Mansi, JNV Jhajjar, Pesentation by RBS, USA, videos by Deepanshu,Ansh & Vanshika, Russian Flora video by Misha, Voznesenskaya School ,Russia

References: https://www.eartheclipse.com/ecosystem/importance-flora-and-fauna.html

https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Russia-FLORA-AND-FAUNA.html#ixzz5jZtZWWvb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_of_India