Public Law 2801 (PL 280), enacted by Congress in 1953, gives certain named states criminal and civil jurisdiction on reservations and withdraws most of the federal government’s responsibility for criminal jurisdiction in Indian Country. PL 280 also allowed other states to opt into this jurisdictional arrangement, although since 1968 the states have only been able to do so with the affected tribes’ consent. PL 280 did not eliminate any tribal jurisdiction over criminal or civil matters. States that are covered by PL 280, either because they were named in the original act or they subsequently opted in, can ask to be removed from PL 280 jurisdiction, a process known as “retrocession.”