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Understanding by Design
Understanding by Design
All about Understanding by Design:
All about Understanding by Design:
What is it?
What is it?
This is when you plan with the end in mind. Instead of the original planning from start to finish you plan from when you figure out the end goal. It helps identify the desired results, determine assessment criteria, and plan learning experiences, and instructional delivery. The results being the content or skilled that is highlight in the standard. The assessment will be the first thing that is planned. Finally it will allow for the strategy, activity or the pedagogy to be figured out before the lesson even begins.
Examples:
Examples:
When lesson planning we always start with the scope and sequence along with the standard and skill. This would be the content and skill that is being taught. We then move on to the learning objective and assessment. The objective is how we are going to assess them and the assessment is the actual assessment itself. Lastly we go plan the pedagogy. This is the strategy is that being used to teach this lesson. I think the best example of this that I made this semester is the lesson plan I did for before, during, and after reading.
How is it effective?
How is it effective?
This is effective because it allows for the teacher to highlight all the main parts of the lesson. When we use understanding by design the teacher already knows how and when they are assesses the students. They also know what they need to teach and how they are going to teach it. If the teacher needs to reach out for help or get someone into the classroom to present they will be able to give them enough time to make plans to come. It will also allow for teachers to collaborate with one another about their assessments or plans.
How I will use it in my classroom:
How I will use it in my classroom:
I will use this when planning all of my lessons. I have created all of my lessons this year by using this method. I am familiar with it, but it also allows me to outline multiple day plans or even unit plans. This allows me to create the assessment and plan how I am going to teach it. It also highlight what content I need to include for the students.
Constructivism
Constructivism
All about constructivism:
All about constructivism:
What is it?
What is it?
Jean Piaget created the theory of constructivism. The focus is how the learner interprets the new information and applies to their own reality. The learner is proactive during this time. It is a higher-level problem solving and critical analysis with an emphasis on real world scenarios. As a noted constructivist philosopher, John Dewey, "education is not preparation for life; education is life itself." He also said "give the pupils something to do, not something to learn."
Examples:
Examples:
There is a lot of different examples of constructivism in education. Instead of giving the students a worksheet with problems on it the students would figure it out by themselves through simulation or practice. There is one lesson I did this semester that I think really highlights this theory. That would be my 5E lesson plan that I did for fourth grade. I gave them the over arching problem that the young voters in the ages of 18-25 were voting less than voters that were over 65. The students would then need to come up with ideas on how they will engage young voters and get them out to the polls.
How is it effective?
How is it effective?
This theory helps prepare students for the real world. It gives them skills like communication, collaboration, and much more. Jobs are looking more and more for these skills. Problem solving is used in everyday life and students need to be able to use it. This approach also allows for students to be in charge and come up with ideas on their own. This is something that bosses all over the world are looking for. No one wants to micro mange everything.
How I will use it in my classroom:
How I will use it in my classroom:
I love this approach to education. It would be so cool to see students come up with ideas to problems that they had no prior knowledge of. Not having to guide the students through every step of the process also allows for the students to collaborative and compare ideas to their peers. This is something that can be used in every subject and topic. In social studies it gets them involved and puts them in the time period that we are learning about. Instead of the students sitting there learning about how hard things like making money was they will instead go through a simulation that will allow for them to understand what those who were living during that time felt like.
Dual Coding
Dual Coding
All about Dual Coding:
All about Dual Coding:
What is it?
What is it?
Presented by Allan Paivio in 1971. Using the formation of of mental images as visual aids. There is two ways for a student to expand on their learning; verbal association and visual imagery. This is because different parts of your brain fire during different learning. When they are activated at the same time the chances of it ending up in long term memory is higher. Hearing, seeing, and doing while learning is the best way to use this theory.
Examples:
Examples:
Note taking is probably the most well known example. Graphic organizers are a great and easy way to use this theory. I have made so many graphic organizers for lesson this semester. On the right is a graphic organizer that I made for 1st graders to use during my primary sources lesson. The 1st graders love it and they already knew how to use it.
How is it effective?
How is it effective?
Students are engaging with the material instead of just listening. Students are engaging more than one part of their brain which leads to a higher chance of going to long term memory. If someone says the word chair most people will think of the word and a mental image of a chair. When students are only listening it is more than likely going to be lost after they listen and thrown into short term memory. Giving students something to connect the content to will help them pull up mental images when they are talking about the topic.
How I will use it in my classroom:
How I will use it in my classroom:
I will use this in every lesson that I teach. Giving the students visual anchors for things that I am teaching will help them picture it when we are talking. Having something stay up on the board while I am teaching or having it on the slides will help engage the students. This will be very important to use for vocabulary. Giving the students pictures to connect the word to and also allowing them to create their own will give them two items to connect with instead of just one. Guided notes during vocab is something I also plan to use. Poster about the classroom rules will also be useful outside the realm of teaching.
Inquiry-Based Learning
Inquiry-Based Learning
All about Inquiry based learning:
All about Inquiry based learning:
What is it?
What is it?
It is a teaching strategy in which students learn through questioning. The students find the answers through discovery. The students engage with the real world and allows them to make connections based their connections. The students go through exploration and high level questioning. It requires students to use higher-order thinking skills like problem solving.
Examples:
Examples:
The students will ask questions like; who, what, where, and when. For example I did a lesson plan about voting for 4th grade. The students were the problem of young voters not going out to polls as much as the older voters. Here you can view the lesson plan: 5E lesson plan. The students need to find out how to engage the students in order to get them to get out to the polls.
How is it effective:
How is it effective:
Students get to control their learning more during this method. Students get to come up with ideas on how to fix the problem the teacher has presented. The students then go through trail and error to come up with an answer to the problem. This method allows for students to go as in depth as they want.
How I will use it in my classroom:
How I will use it in my classroom:
Inquiry based learning is a great way for students to be more engaged in their learning. Students get to ask questions that they find interesting and go in depth. This can be used in all the content areas not just social studies. For reading the students can be presented with the same problems as the characters in the story. Science they can be presented with ways to fix a problem like, flooding. For math you can have the students present their answers in actions not just writing it out.
Game-Based Learning
Game-Based Learning
All about game based learning:
All about game based learning:
What is it?
What is it?
It is the use of games in education to learn a subject matter. The game has previously define the learning outcomes and they are measurable. There is a bunch of different games that can be used during game-based learning. There is roleplaying, which the students are thrown into a game and either are given or create a character. There is also board games, card games, etc.
Examples:
Examples:
Throughout this semester we practiced game-based learning while we were learning about the PRAXIS test. The document includes at least one game for each section of the PRAXIS. There is some role playing games like the Oregon trail and the ICIVICS website has tons. There is also simulations games like Merchant Empire. There is also games that get the students up and moving like Geocaching.
How is it effective:
How is it effective:
There is so many different aspects to a games; rules, mechanics, goals, volition, and iterative experience. The students are able to create rules, mechanics, and goals. Roleplaying games allow for the students to have an unique game play experience. The most important part is having the students reflect on their gaming experience.
How I will use it in my classroom:
How I will use it in my classroom:
This is a great idea to use during all the content areas. Social studies is a hard thing for most students to connect with and understand how people were feeling during those times. It allows for deeper conversation to be held in the classroom setting. I will set aside time for the students to reflect on their game play. It is important that the students connect their playing time to their content that they are learning.
Resources
Resources
Constructivism [image], https://m5clug5wvk4f4rybqui6aq4-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Constructivism-654x1024.png
Understanding by design [image]. https://th.bing.com/th/id/R.3d36ee4cca4e5c23ca2018a1209d4391?rik=kZEkbEGpIfy3NA&pid=ImgRaw&r=0
Licktieg, S. (2022). Week 2- curriculum, ubd, and ksde social studies standards. Retrieved April 24, 2022. PowerPoint presentation.
Wikimedia Foundation. (2022, April 23). Dual-coding theory. Wikipedia. Retrieved April 24, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-coding_theory
chris.drew.98031506. (2021, April 29). What is inquiry based learning? (2022). Helpful Professor. Retrieved April 25, 2022, from https://helpfulprofessor.com/inquiry-based-learning/#:~:text=%20Definitions%20%201%20%E2%80%9CInquiry-based%20learning%20is%20an,and%20practices%20similar%20to%20those%20of...%20More%20
Inquiry based learning symbol [image]. https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.LF1l6G3XaArL2c3tmAaPRQHaDz?w=315&h=179&c=7&r=0&o=5&pid=1.7
Game-based learning [image]. https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.J1X89YREK_drilx-U3uRmAHaEA?pid=ImgDet&rs=1
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