DNA & RNA
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid - a molecule that contains all genetic information. A double stranded molecule that contains the base pair of A-T and G-C
A = adenine, T - Thymine, G = Guanine and C = Cytosine
RNA: Ribonucleic Acid - A molecule that is involved in protein production. A single stranded molecule that contains the nucleotides A, U, G & C
U = Uracil (this is in place of Thymine.)
MUtations
MUTATION: a change in a gene or a chromosome
Mitosis & Meiosis
MITOSIS: The process that results in the formation of identical daughter cells (somatic cells)
MEIOSIS: The process that results in the formation of genetically different daughter cells (gametes)
HAPLOID: the presence of a single set of chromosomes in a cell
DIPLOID: the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in a cell
Sexual & Asexual reproduction
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: mode of reproduction in which offspring are produced by a single parent
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: mode of reproduction in which offspring are produced by combining the genetic information of two parents.
GENES & proteins
CHROMOSOME: thread-like structures composed of DNA
GENE: a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
ALLELE: different forms of a gene
PUNNETT SQUARES
A Punnett square is actually a way to show the events that occur in Meiosis. When the chromosome pairs separate and go into two different sex cells, so do the alleles carried on each chromosome. One allele from each pair goes to each sex cell.Â