Aavishkar 2020

Abstract:

Concrete is one of the major construction materials being used worldwide. Aggregates, besides cement and water, is the major component of concrete since it occupies nearly 55% to 80% of the total volume of concrete. The heavy weight of conventional concrete accounts for the great mass of construction and causes more vulnerability against earthquake forces. In the multistory building, walls that are meant for partition does not need any heavy concrete blocks which are normally used in load bearing walls.

It would be highly advantageous from the environmental and economical point of view if coconut shell and EPS beads could be incorporated in conventional concrete as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate and produce concrete which is light in weight.

The aim of the project is to incorporate coconut shell and EPS beads in conventional concrete by finding out the optimum percentage of partial replacement of coarse aggregate with coconut shell and EPS beads.

Abstract:

The use of silica fume had major impact on industries, ability to routinely and commercially produce silica fume modified concrete of flow able in nature but yet remain cohesive, which in turn produces high early and later age strength including resistant to aggressive environments. This study is an experimental on the nature of silica fume and its influences on the properties of self-curing concrete. The effect of partial replacement of cement by silica fume on the strength parameters of self-curing concrete have been studied. Silica fume were used to replace by 5%, 10% and 15 % by weight of cement. The strength test such as Compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test is carried along with workability and durability test were conducted with self-curing at 7 days, 14 days ,28 days and 56 days for M25 Mixes. Test results indicate that use of Silica fume in self-curing concrete has improved the performance of self-curing concrete in strength as well as durability aspect. The present study involves the use of shrinkage reducing admixture polyethylene glycol (PEG600) in concrete which helps in self-curing and helps in better hydration and hence strength. In this study, the effect of admixture (PEG 600) on compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength by varying the percentage of PEG by weight of cement were studied for M25. It was found that PEG 6OO could help in self-curing by giving strength on par with conventional curing. It was also found that 1% of PEG 600 by weight of cement was optimum for M25 grade concretes for achieving maximum strength without compromising workability.

Abstract:

Plastic waste is a non-biodegradable waste which cannot decompose and this creates water, land pollution and air pollution. Also, while we burn the plastic waste in Dumping Ground, the percentage of plastic waste is increasing rapidly. It is estimated that the plastic waste will double after a decade as we use hundreds grades of plastic in our daily life. We can recycle, reuse the plastic waste. As a civil engineer we have to innovate something new related to this, which is a boon for civil engineering. So, here we try to do something innovative as PLASTIC SAND BRICKS. Basically in bricks and tiles, we used earth based clay. Due to excessive use of the clay, it shows the result of resources depletion and environmental degradation. (Polyester resin) etc. In this, we get to melt down the plastic waste into molten state and then M sand and other materials like bitumen and fly ash is added to manufacture different types of plastic bricks. It is observed that the characteristics of plastic bricks is far much better than normal bricks.

Abstract:

Sustainability is a wide accepted concept in modern construction scenario. Even though the construction industry is revolutionizing in a significant manner in terms of both equipment and materials used, the cost of construction has skyrocketed along with the deteriorative impact on environment. This resulted in the adoption of a more balanced approach with the environment as its nerve center to create a better world to live in. This has led to the adoption of a natural coconut fibre for the strength enhancement in concrete. Coconut fibre is available in abundance, which makes it quite viable as a reinforcement material in concrete. Significant changes in constituents and properties of concrete were initiated and Engineers started using coconut fibre as supplementary materials in concrete, often with adequate considerations. Through research and tests the change in properties of concrete when normal water is replaced by magnetic water is observed. The magnetized water helps in increasing the compressive strength in concrete and the problem of shrinkage crack formation due to the higher heat of hydration is eliminated by the addition of coconut fibre. Addition of Coconut fibre helps in increasing the flexural strength of concrete. The magnetized water contributes to higher strength characteristics of the concrete and fibres being natural in origin is ecologically sustainable and can bring down the global carbon footprint quite effectively.

Abstract:

Vypin is one of the group of islands that form part of the city of Kochi. Fort Kochi is a region in the city of Kochi. Both places are densely populated areas consist around 633,553 population. Because of well know tourist spot, many tourists from all over the world and local people lives in these areas. So transportation between these two places is an important factor. Present mode of transportation include ferry service and boat service from Ernakulam jetty available at low cost, there is no direct bus or railway service between these two places. So construction of a bridge connecting Vypin and Fort Kochi considering traffic conditions,

population growth, etc will be a suitable option for continuous transportation between these places. The area under consideration is an estuary i.e Cochin backwater opens into Arabian sea and also the entrance of Cochin port . So there will be more ship traffic moving to or from Cochin port, Container terminal etc. It is preferred to provide a bridge which contains a provision to open i.e bascule bridge. When ship reaches, bridge can open and allow ship to pass through it. So it will create more transportation facilities, more tourist attraction because of improved transportation. This project presents proposal, modelling, design and analysis of PSC I Girder bridge. Study of bascule bridges, working and modelling also conducted .

Abstract:

Current demand on resources have forced engineering sector to look at more efficient design and construction methods. Every manufacturing organization is striving to focus to lower production costs and to reduce weight of component while meeting the required performance characteristics. Saving of material and energy can be achieved through optimizing the shape and topology of the structure by choosing a more efficient structural configuration. The purpose of optimization is to achieve the best design relative to a set of prioritized criteria or constraints.

Beams of very large depth known as deep beams are used in structures like buildings, bunkers and tanks. Structural optimization is implemented using ANSYS software. ANSYS is a general-purpose software that uses Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to simulate engineering problems. The software creates simulated computer models of structures, electronics, or machine components to simulate strength, toughness, elasticity, temperature distribution, electromagnetism, fluid flow, and other attributes. This paper gives the results of studies on structural optimization of deep beams performed using ANSYS WORKBENCH.

Abstract:

The combination of concrete with steel is very common compound in construction of structural & non-structural members. A new reinforcement system is introduced to be used in concrete member. This new reinforcement, named Prefabricated Cage Reinforcement System (PCRS) is an alternative method to rebar cage used in traditional reinforcement concrete for faster, easier, and more reliable construction. This new system was proposed by Mohammad Shamsai & Halil Sezen of Ohio University. The proposed PCRS fabricated by perforating steel plates using different cutting methods. The resulting PCRS acts as transverse & longitudinal reinforcement steel working compositely with the surrounding concrete to resist applied loads. In this study, strength & ductility behavior of PCRS is evaluated, by considering some parameters such as grade of concrete, spacing of lateral ties, thickness of the sheet & confinement of concrete. The confined condition of specimen will increases the compressive strength of the specimen. The spacing of the lateral ties will influence the stress and strain behavior of concrete specimen. The thickness of sheet will greatly influence the ductility behavior of concrete by implementing prefabricated cage system in a confined manner.

Abstract:

The project work consists of the planning, analysis and design of Aluva Bus Terminal. The building is proposed by the government and it is located near the Railway Station, Aluva, Ernakulam. The building is designed to serve as a commercial building. It consists of G+3 stories of moment resisting frames. The planning of the building is done in Auto CAD. The Modelling and analysis were done in ETABS. During the analysis, dead load and live loads were calculated from IS 875 (Part 1) – 1987 and IS 875(Part 2) – 1987 respectively and their combination were applied on the framed structure. Wind load is calculated using IS 875(Part 3). Various load combinations were taken to obtain maximum design loads, shear forces and moments. The design was carried out as per IS 456:2000 for the above load combinations. Earthquake resistant design of the structure was done as per IS 1893 Part 1 2002.The objective of the project is to carry out the structural analysis and design of the structure using ETABS software and preparation of detailing using Auto Cad.

Abstract:

Translucent concrete also called as transparent concrete or light transmitting concrete is a concrete based building material with light transmitting properties due to embedded light optical elements. Mostly these optical elements that we use nowadays are optical fibres. Light is conducted through the structure from one end to the other using optical elements embedded inside the concrete structure. But typical translucent concrete is achieved by replacing coarse aggregates with transparent alternate materials. Coarse aggregate is not used as it will block the passage of light by tearing these optical elements. So in effect translucent concrete of these days are made of cement-sand mortar only. This adds to the cost of such concrete, making it uneconomical. Moreover, the absence of coarse aggregate also reduces the mechanical properties of the ordinary translucent concrete. So to improve the mechanical properties and to make it economical, we are introducing a design to engineer a structure with a core of normal concrete surrounded by cement-sand mortar as the outer periphery. Plastic optical fibres are laid over this outer periphery inside cement-sand mortar. This cement-sand mortar coating provided around the core can also act as a plastering coat. This study aims to evaluate the material behaviour as structural elements.

Abstract:

The main aim of this study is to redesign the existing flyover at Palarivattom. This flyover connects Edappilly to Vytilla and has obligatory spans beneath which a pipeline road is present. Total span of the bridge is 631.5m. The idea of redesign arised due to theunsatisfactory condition of the flyover.The existing bridge has 19 spans out of which 2 are obligatory spans. Deck continuity system is used in existing flyover to connect spans which is now discontinued to make the spans simply supported for further easiness in carrying load. Malfunctioning of the bearing lead to the formation of cracks in the pier cap by which the entry of traffic is fully restricted. This study aims to provide proper bearing, to replace the RCC girders with prestressed girders to provide more strength.

Abstract:

The development of architectural plan and structural design requires not only imagination and conceptual aspects, such as recent design codes, by laws, backed up by ample experience, intuition and judgement. The purpose of standards was to ensure and enhance the safety, keeping careful balance between economyand safety. In the present study a multi-storey commercial building at Kothamangalam, Ernakulamwas structurally planned,analysed and designed using Auto CAD and ETABS. In order to design them, it was important to first develop the plan of particular building that is, positioning of the particular rooms (bed rooms, kitchen, toilets etc.) such as they serve their purpose and also suiting to the requirements and comfort of the inhabitants. There by depending on the suitability, the beam and column layout was fixed. The design of beams and columns were carried out using ETABS

Abstract:

Nowadays seismic resistant or aseismic structures are designed to protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. While no structure can entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal of earthquake-resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. Columns play a vital role in the behaviour of a structure. Oblique columns are the columns that are neither parallel nor right angle to a specific line. Y shaped oblique column are oblique column which have two inclined branches. By adopting Y shaped column it reduces the number of column and increases the space utility. Using ETABS 2016 the seismic resistance of the Y shaped oblique column is analysed with the help of three parameters such as storey displacement, storey drift and storey stiffness. High rise buildings are mostly affected by the seismic forces. The comparative study of structures with Y-shaped oblique column, shear wall and conventional column are done in mid-rise and high-rise building. Shear wall is commonly used vertical wall for the seismic resistance of the building. For low-rise building, comparative study of building with Y-shaped oblique column and conventional column are done. The analysis result shows that building with Y-shaped oblique column is more seismic resistant than conventional column with respect to these three parameters in all type of structures. But the building with shear wall is far better in the seismic resistance than other two. But the increase in percentage of concrete is very high in the case of building with shear wall and negligible for Y-shaped oblique column. So Y- shaped oblique column can used for the seismic resistance of the structure.

Abstract:

In the present era, the construction field is growing like a creeper. Hence there is an increase in demand for all construction materials. Since the cost of each material is one of the major factor for the total cost of all construction activities, people are now trying to find new ways to reduce the cost in all manner. Since the materials available are of high price compared to the total cost for minor and unimportant construction, there is a big scope for cost effective construction building blocks.

Most people are aware that plastics cause environmental problems. Their low biodegradability means that disposal always has environmental consequences and because they are made from oil or gas they are associated with all the pollution involved in the petro-chemical industry. The environmental hazards of PVC go far beyond those associated with other plastics. Some of today’s most worrying environmental contaminants are released during the production of PVC and when PVC products are disposed of Incineration, or high temperature burning, is frequently used to dispose of municipal, hazardous and medical wastes.

Flex banners made from PVC can be recycled and reused in many manners. The project is based on the recycling of flex banners. In this process flex banners are blended with rubber and are converted into useful building materials. It is commercially viable to segregate the components of flex banners. Recycled plastic products are highly durable and they are also UV resistant and do not suffer from color loss or sunlight damage.

Abstract:

There is a huge growing requirement of building materials in India due to the existing housing shortage of 24.7 million units (2007) mainly for the low income groups in urban India. Estimated urban housing shortage in 2012 is 26.53 million, while the housing shortage for urban and rural India in 2012 is 68.53 million inits. To meet this challenge, India requires innovative, energy efficient building materials for strong and durable housing in fast track method of construction at affordable cost. It is also important that housing and buildings are disaster resistant to protect the lives and properties of people. All these concerns are involved in sustainable and inclusive development. Rapid wall panel provides rapid or faster construction and contributes to environmental protection, providing a solution to many of the above issues and concerns.

So, we decide to innovate a new product from the material gypsum and their GFRG block based on the construction manual prepared by IIT Madras to suit Indian situation. FACT or RCF, two fertilizer giants under public sector are together setting up rapid wall and plaster products manufacturing plant at Ambalamugal using Rapid wall technologies of Austalia called FACT RCF Building products Ltd. (FRBL). FACT has about 7 million tons of industrial by product gypsum. By setting up Rapid wall and plaster products plant, they intend to produce 1.4 million sqm or 15 million sq ft panel per year and about 50000 tons of superior quality wall plaster and wall putty.