Understand the impacts of climate change induced sea level rise upon coastal ecosystems
Examine the adaptations of plants which assist survival within coastal ecosystems
Students investigate the drivers of climate change and describe the links between climate change and sea level rise. Students investigate the key environmental factors which impact the survival of living things within coastal ecosystems, including the adaptations of plants to brackish and tidal water.
40 minutes
Develops and evaluates questions and hypotheses for scientific investigation
Develop and evaluate inquiry questions and hypotheses to identify a concept that can be investigated scientifically, involving primary and secondary data
Conduct practical investigations, individually or in teams, or use secondary sources to examine the adaptations of organisms that increase their ability to survive in their environment, including: structural adaptations, physiological adaptations and behavioural adaptations
Investigate changes in past ecosystems that may inform our approach to the management of future ecosystems, including the role of changing climate on ecosystems.
Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, deserts expanding and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. It has become clear that humans have caused most of the past century's warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than at any time in the last 800,000 years and are the leading cause of human induced climate change.
Climate change encompasses not only rising average temperatures but also extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas, and a range of other impacts. All of those changes are emerging as humans continue to add heat-trapping greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, changing the patterns of climate that all living things have come to rely on.
The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1 °C since the late 19th century, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere
For a measure of current temperature data, please visit this NASA site
The number or record weather events, including heat waves, drought, cyclones, and flooding have all increased in both frequency and severity. Higher temperatures lead to more dramatic atmospheric swings, impacting many weather and climatic events globally.
When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid. Over the past 150 years, huge volumes of carbon dioxide have been dissolved into the oceans, increasing their acidity by approximately 30%. This has huge impacts upon organisms which live in carbonate structures such as coral, shellfish and crustaceans, as their shells may not properly form or even dissolve in an acidic ocean.
The oceans have absorbed the majority of increases to the planets' heat since the mid-20th century , with the surface temperature of the ocean having risen approximately 0.5 degrees C over the last 50 years
The volume and mass of ice contained within land based ice sheets has dramatically decreased over the past 100 years, with an estimated 400 billion tons of ice lost per year from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. Importantly, the rate of ice loss has tripled over the past decade.
Sea levels have risen approximately 20cm globally in the last 100 years. The two main drivers have been the addition of water from melting ice and the thermal expansion of the oceans, which increase in volume with increases in temperature.
As a result of thermal expansion and melting of icecaps, significant rises to current sea surface levels are predicted over the next 100 years. Coastal ecosystems are expected to undergo change, including submersion and coastal squeeze.
Plants growing in coastal ecosystems have some of the most remarkable adaptations for survival. Most plants would not be able to survive such conditions, with extreme fluctuations in salinity of the brackish, tidal water and low oxygen availability due to water logging. Some examples of coastal plants are listed below with descriptions of the adaptations they have to survive in this particularly harsh environment.