Student directed
In this lesson you will be introduced to landscapes and landforms and investigate the geomorphic processes that have formed the Illawarra Landscape. You will be able identify the variety of landscapes and landforms within sight of Mount Keira / Djeera and examine the current explanation for how these landscapes and landforms were formed.
120 minutes
Google Slide
Before completing this lesson you should read through the slide show.
Your teacher may go through the slide show with you, or perhaps you may navigate through it on your own device.
You may need to refer back to the slide often to complete these learning activities.
Landscapes are the physical elements of the Earth’s surface, the living ecosystems upon them, overlain today with the activity of human societies.
A landscape is comprised of the natural physical elements, living elements and human elements.
Landscapes may be considered natural, managed and constructed.
This landscape is mostly constructed
This landscape is managed
This landscape is mostly natural
This landscape is mostly constructed
Scroll through the carousel of landform images.
Some of the landscapes above are Australian, some are in other countries (and one is on Mars!).
On your worksheet write:
the name you would give each landscape
identify the natural physical elements, the living elements and the human elements.
rank the landscapes from the one you find the most appealing to the one you like the least.
Now Describe what you think is a typical 'Australian landscape'. What combination of elements do you think make it uniquely Australian?
Landforms are the natural features that a landscape is made up of.
Examples of Landforms are rivers, mountains, plateaux and plains.
On your worksheet there is a map of the local region.
For each of the land forms above, mark on the map where you might find some of these landforms.
Is your school in the area shown on the map? If so, mark its location.
The rocks that form the landforms and landscape of the Illawarra began to form in the Permian period.
Between then and now the continents of our world have moved apart.
On your worksheet there are diagrams showing the break up of Pangaea. The continents are still moving. In the space provided draw in where you think Australia will be 10 million years into the future.
Mountains are defined as landforms that rise abruptly from their surrounding landscape.
This image shows the surface of the Earth. The colours indicate the height of the surface. The highest mountains are in violet and the deepest oceans in dark blue.
Compared to other continents our local mountains are small, and Australia is a relatively flat continent.
On your worksheet there is a map of the Earth's major mountain areas. On this map sketch in the plate boundaries.
Are mountain ranges in some way linked to the plate boundaries?
The mountains familiar to people living in the Illawarra are prominent landforms that jut out from the Illawarra escarpment.
Our local mountains are capped by hard sandstones that have resisted weathering, whilst softer rock below has weathered.
This has given the mountains of the greater Sydney region their characteristic shape.
On you excursion you will see this first hand.
The continents of our Earth vary in their share of mountains.
Mountain regions in Australia are rare, and only 1% of the worlds mountains are found here.
In the space provided on your work sheet create a pie graph of the Earth's continent's share of mountains with the following data:
Australia 1%
South America 9%
North America 15%
Africa 8%
Antarctica 17%
Asia 43%
Europe 6%
Other 1%
Weathering is the breakdown of rock. Weathering can be a physical or chemical process.
Erosion is the transportation of rock and soil from one place to another by wind and water.
Deposition is the process whereby eroded material is added to a landscape by the action of water or wind.
Watch the video on the formation of sandstone in the Sydney basin.
The Hawkesbury sandstone shown in this clip is exactly the same rock that forms the peak of Mount Keira / Djeera.
You may choose to model the processes that weather and erode the landscape.
Modelling the weathering of rock by freezing water.
Modelling the weathering of rock by chemicals.
Modelling the erosion of sediment by glaciers.
Modelling the erosion of sediment by water.
Modelling the erosion of sediment by waves.,
Not all of the rock in the Illawarra is formed form the depositon of sediments.
The Five Islands are formed from the hard stone known as Latite.
This is an igneous rock formed from ancient lava flows around 250 million years ago.
Using the information presented in the film, create a an illustrated flow chart that shows how the sandstone of our region was formed
OR
Draw an imagined sketch map view of the island volcanoes that erupted on the Illawarra coast 250 million years ago.
You may choose to model the processes that create different rock types, as shown in these films.
Modelling the formation of sedimentary rock.
Modelling the formation of metamorphic rock.
Modelling the formation of igneous rock.